Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised May 27, 2026

Comparison of Java virtual machines

Last revised
May 27, 2026
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≈ 5 min
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1,073 w
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215
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Wikipedia ↗

Version information

Name Creator First public release Latest stable version Latest release date Cost, availability License
Eclipse OpenJ9 (formerly IBM J9) IBM 15 Mar 20181 0.59.02 Edit this on Wikidata 29 April 2026 (29 April 2026) Free Eclipse Public License 2.0
Apache License 2.0
GCJ GNU 6 September 1998 6.4 (Terminal) 4 July 2017 Free GPL version 2 or later, with the "libgcc exception"3
GraalVM Oracle May 2019 Oracle GraalVM 25.0.24 Edit this on Wikidata 20 January 2026 (20 January 2026) Free GPL version 2 only
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 jdk-16 16 March 2021 Free GPL version 2 only
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 jdk 16 16 March 2021 Free Proprietary
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Sun Microsystems, Oracle 27 April 1999 ? ? Commercial Proprietary5
HotSpot, Zero port Gary Benson6 ? ? ? Free GPL version 2 only
IKVM Jeroen Frijters 28 June 2004 8.15.07 Edit this on Wikidata 6 December 2025 (6 December 2025) Free zlib License8
JamVM Robert Lougher 13 March 2003 2.0.0 30 July 2014 Free GPL version 2 or later
Jikes RVM IBM 14 October 2001 3.1.49 18 February 20169 Free Eclipse Public License version 1.010
Kaffe Transvirtual Technologies 1996 1.1.9 22 February 2008 Free GPL version 2 or later11
SableVM Sable Research Group ? 1.13 30 March 200712 Free LGPL version 2.1 or later

Technical information

JVM Status Latest supported Java version Supported class libraries Performance
GNU Classpath OpenJDK Other Interpretation AOT JIT
GCJ No longer maintained or distributed by GNU as of GCC 713 ? Yes No Yes Yes No
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Reference implementation. 1.8 No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Reference implementation. 1.8 No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition ? No Yes Yes No Yes
HotSpot, Zero port Interpreter-only port of OpenJDK using almost no assembly language and designed to be very portable. 1.7 No Yes Yes No No
IKVM 1.814 ? ? Depends on .NET runtime
JamVM 1.815 Yes16 Yes16 Yes16 No Yes16
Jikes RVM 1.617 Yes18 Port1920 Apache Harmony18 No21 ? Yes
Kaffe 1.411 Yes11 No Yes11 No11 Yes11
SableVM Unmaintained 1.4 Yes No Yes No No

Supported CPU architectures

JVM x86 x86-64 SPARC MIPS Itanium Power ISA ARM Alpha S/390 z/Architecture m68k
GCJ Yes22 Yes22 Yes22 Yes22 Yes22 Yes22 Yes22 Yes22 Yes22 No22 No22
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Yes23 Yes23 Solaris only23 Port2425 No23 PowerPC/AIX port26 Yes23 No23 No23 No23 No23
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Yes23 Yes23 Solaris only23 No23 Java 1.627 No23 Yes23 No23 No23 No23 No23
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Yes5 Yes5 Yes5 ? ? Yes5 Yes5 ? ? ? ?
HotSpot, Zero port Yes28 Yes28 No28 Yes28 Yes28 Yes28 Yes28 Yes28 No28 Yes28 No28
IKVM Depends on .NET runtime
JamVM Yes16 Yes16 Yes16 Yes16 No16 Yes16 Yes16 No16 No16 No16 No16
Jikes RVM Yes29 No29 No29 No29 No29 Yes29 No29 No29 No29 No29 No29
Kaffe Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 No11 Yes11
SableVM Yes30 Yes Yes30 Yes Yes30 Yes30 Yes30 Yes30 Yes30 No30 Yes30

Supported operating systems

JVM Windows Linux FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD Solaris OpenSolaris Darwin macOS AIX IRIX Other
GCJ Yes22 Yes22 Yes22 ? ? Yes22 ? Yes22 Yes22 ? Yes22 DEC OSF 4.0f and 5.1, Hitachi SH-3/4 micro-controller22
HotSpot, OpenJDK edition Yes31 (distributed as source code) Yes Port32 Port32 Port32 Yes Yes33 ? Yes34 Port26 No OS/2port,35 Haiku port36
HotSpot, Oracle JDK edition Yes23 Yes23 No No No Yes23 ? ? Yes23 No No
HotSpot, Java SE embedded edition Yes5 Yes5 No5 No5 No5 Yes5 ?5 No5 No5 No5 No5
HotSpot, Zero port No2837 Yes2837 No2837 No2837 No2837 No2837 No2837 No2837 No2837 No2837 No2837
IKVM Depends on .NET runtime
JamVM No16 Yes16 Yes16 No16 Yes16 Yes16 Yes16 Yes16 Yes16 No16 No16 Jailbroken iPhone,15 kFreeBSD
Jikes RVM No29 Yes29 No29 No29 No29 No29 No29 No29 Yes29 Yes29 No29
Kaffe Using Cygwin11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 ? Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 Yes11 AmigaOS, BeOS, several others11
SableVM Using Cygwin30 Yes30 Yes30 ? ? ? ? ? Yes30 ? ?
References

References

  1. "Release Eclipse OpenJ9 v0.8.0 · eclipse-openj9/openj9". Github. Retrieved 4 June 2023.
  2. "Release 0.59.0". 29 April 2026. Retrieved 30 April 2026.
  3. "The GCJ FAQ - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)". Gcc.gnu.org. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  4. "GraalVM 25". Retrieved 4 April 2026.
  5. "Oracle Java SE Embedded Overview". Oracle. 19 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  6. "gbenson.net". gbenson.net. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  7. "Release 8.15.0". 6 December 2025. Retrieved 7 December 2025.
  8. "LICENSE.md". ikvmnet/ikvm. Retrieved 22 March 2025 – via GitHub.
  9. "Release 3.1.4 · JikesRVM/JikesRVM". GitHub. 18 February 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  10. "License". Jikes RVM. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  11. "kaffe/kaffe". GitHub. 9 November 2021.
  12. "SableVM - Browse /sablevm/1.13 at". Sourceforge.net. 30 March 2007. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  13. "GCC 7 Release Series — Changes, New Features, and Fixes - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)". gcc.gnu.org.
  14. "README.md". ikvmnet/ikvm. 14 July 2025. Retrieved 17 July 2025 – via GitHub.
  15. "JamVM | Release notes for JamVM at SourceForge.net". sourceforge.net. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  16. "JamVM -- A compact Java Virtual Machine". jamvm.sourceforge.net.
  17. "JikesRVM/libraryInterface/Common/src/org/jikesrvm/classlibrary/JavaLangSupport.java at master · JikesRVM/JikesRVM". GitHub. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  18. "SourceForge: jikesrvm/jikesrvm: files". Jikesrvm.hg.sourceforge.net. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  19. "openjdk4jikesrvm - Use Openjdk library as JikesRVM's class library - Google Project Hosting". Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  20. "[#RVM-549] Initial support for OpenJDK class library - jira.codehaus.org". Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  21. "Feature request for interpreter". Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2012.
  22. "GCJ - Status - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)". Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  23. "Oracle JDK 7 and JRE 7 Certified System Configurations". www.oracle.com.
  24. "OpenJDK: Port: Mips". openjdk.java.net.
  25. "MIPSPort - IcedTea". icedtea.classpath.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  26. "OpenJDK: PowerPC/AIX Port Project". openjdk.java.net.
  27. "Java SE 6 Update Release Notes". Oracle. 4 March 2019. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  28. "ZeroSharkFaq - IcedTea". icedtea.classpath.org. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
  29. "Supported Platforms". www.jikesrvm.org.
  30. "SableVM Project". sablevm.org.
  31. "OpenJDK Build README". Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  32. "OpenJDK: BSD Port Project". openjdk.java.net.
  33. "OpenJDK Build README". Archived from the original on 6 July 2012. Retrieved 24 July 2012.
  34. "OpenJDK: Mac OS X Port Project". openjdk.java.net.
  35. "Java port for OS/2 and OS/2-based systems". trac.netlabs.org. Archived from the original on 17 July 2025. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  36. "OpenJDK: Port: Haiku". openjdk.java.net.
  37. "OpenJDK: Zero-Assembler Project". openjdk.java.net.