Wilcoxon is a surname, and may refer to:
- Charles Wilcoxon, drum educator
- Henry Wilcoxon, an actor
- Frank Wilcoxon, chemist and statistician, inventor of two non-parametric tests for statistical significance:
- The Wilcoxon signed-rank test (also known as the Wilcoxon T test)
- The Wilcoxon rank-sum test (also known as the Mann–Whitney U test).