| Ventricular flutter | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Specialty | Cardiology  |
| Symptoms | Chest Pain, Syncope, |
| Complications | Ventricular fibrillation, Sudden Cardiac Arrest Death |
Ventricular flutter is an arrhythmia, more specifically a ventricular tachycardia affecting the ventricles with a rate over 250-350 beats/min, and one of the most indiscernible. It is characterized on the ECG by a sinusoidal waveform without clear definition of the QRS and T waves. It has been considered as a possible transition stage between ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, and is a critically unstable arrhythmia that can result in sudden cardiac death.
It can occur in infancy,1 youth,2 or as an adult.
It can be induced by programmed electrical stimulation.34
References
References
- Thies, Karl-Christian; Boos, Karin; Müller-Deile, Kai; Ohrdorf, Wolfgang; Beushausen, Thomas; Townsend, Peter (2000). "Ventricular flutter in a neonate—severe electrolyte imbalance caused by urinary tract infection in the presence of urinary tract malformation". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 18 (1): 47–50. doi:10.1016/S0736-4679(99)00161-4. PMID 10645837.
- Hayashi, Masami; Murata, Minoru; Satoh, Masahito; Aizawa, Yoshifusa; Oda, Eiji; Oda, Yuji; Watanabe, Tohru; Shibata, Akira (1985). "Sudden nocturnal death in young males from ventricular flutter". Japanese Heart Journal. 26 (4): 585–591. doi:10.1536/ihj.26.585. PMID 4057556.
- Gurevitz, Osnat; Viskin, Sami; Glikson, Michael; Ballman, Karla V.; Rosales, A.Gabriela; Shen, Win-Kuang; Hammill, Stephen C.; Friedman, Paul A. (2004). "Long-term prognosis of inducible ventricular flutter: Not an innocent finding". American Heart Journal. 147 (4): 649–654. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2003.11.012. PMID 15077080.
- Viskin, Sami; Ish-Shalom, Maya; Koifman, Edward; Rozovski, URI; Zeltser, David; Glick, Aharon; Finkelstein, Ariel; Halkin, Amir; Fish, Roman; Belhassen, Bernard (2003). "Ventricular Flutter Induced During Electrophysiologic Studies in Patients with Old Myocardial Infarction". Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 14 (9): 913–919. doi:10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.03082.x. PMID 12950532.
Further reading
Further reading
- Grimm, Wolfram; Glaveris, Christina; Hoffmann, Jürgen; Menz, Volker; Müller, Hans-Helge; Hufnagel, Günther; Maisch, Bernhard (July 2000). "Arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy based on echocardiography and 12-lead, signal-averaged, and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography". American Heart Journal. 140 (1): 43–51. doi:10.1067/mhj.2000.107178. PMID 10874262.
- Richig, Jeffrey W.; Sleeper, Meg M. (2019). "Feline Electrocardiography". Electrocardiography of Laboratory Animals. pp. 31–38. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809469-3.00005-0. ISBN 978-0-12-809469-3.
- Ponamgi, Shiva P.; DeSimone, Christopher V.; Ackerman, Michael J. (July 2015). "Athletes with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators". Clinics in Sports Medicine. 34 (3): 473–487. doi:10.1016/j.csm.2015.03.010. PMC 4478445. PMID 26100423.
- Dowd, Frank J. (2007). "Ventricular Fibrillation and Flutter". XPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1016/B978-008055232-3.60049-2. ISBN 978-0-08-055232-3.