| Uvular ejective fricative | |
|---|---|
| χʼ | |
| ꭓʼ | |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | X_> |
A uvular ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨χʼ⟩.
Features
Features of a uvular ejective fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dakota | haŋȟʼáŋna | [hãχʼã.na] | 'morning' | |
| Georgian1 | ყვავილი/q̇vavili | [χʷʼɑvili] | 'flower' | In free variation with [qʼ, qχʼ].2 |
| Lakota | ȟ'okȟá | [χʼo.k͡xa] | 'drummer' | |
| Sioux | haŋȟʼáŋn | [hãχʼãn] | 'morning' | |
| Tlingit | x̱’aan | ⓘ | 'fire' |
References
References
- Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006). "Standard Georgian" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 36 (2): 255–264. doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659. ISSN 1475-3502.
- IPA Principles, 1947: 33.