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Trivial Graph Format

Trivial Graph Format (TGF) is a simple text-based adjacency list file format for describing graphs, widely used because of its simplicity.

Last revised
May 31, 2026
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Trivial Graph Format (TGF) is a simple text-based adjacency list file format for describing graphs,1 widely used because of its simplicity.2

Format

The format consists of a list of node definitions, which map node IDs to labels, followed by a list of edges, which specify node pairs and an optional edge label. Because of its lack of standardization, the format has many variations.1 For instance, some implementations of the format require the node IDs to be integers,3 while others allow more general alphanumeric identifiers.

Each node definition is a single line of text starting with the node ID, separated by a space from its label. The node definitions are separated from the edge definitions by a line containing the "#" character. Each edge definition is another line of text, starting with the two IDs for the endpoints of the edge separated by a space. If the edge has a label, it appears on the same line after the endpoint IDs.3

The graph may be interpreted as a directed or undirected graph. For directed graphs, to specify the concept of bi-directionality in an edge, one may either specify two edges (forward and back) or differentiate the edge by means of a label.

Example

A simple graph with two nodes and one edge might look like:

1 First node
2 Second node
#
1 2 Edge between the two
See also

See also

  • yEd, a graph editor that can handle TGF file format.
References

References

  1. Roughan, Matthew; Tuke, Jonathan (August 2015), "The Hitchhikers Guide to Sharing Graph Data" (PDF), 2015 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, IEEE, doi:10.1109/ficloud.2015.76, S2CID 14560300
  2. Pitas, Ioannis (2016), "1.5 Graph storage formats and visualization", Graph-Based Social Media Analysis, Chapman & Hall/CRC Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Series, vol. 39, CRC Press, p. 14, ISBN 9781498719056
  3. Canabrava, Tomaz; Cord-Landwehr, Andreas (April 10, 2016), "Chapter 4. Import and Export", The Rocs Handbook, Revision Rocs 2.1.50 (Applications 16.04)
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