Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 1, 2026

Transborder agglomeration

A transborder agglomeration is an urban agglomeration or conurbation that extends into multiple sovereign states and/or dependent territories. It includes city-states that agglomerate with their neighbouring countries.

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Jun 1, 2026
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Wikipedia ↗
San Diego–Tijuana is an urban agglomeration across the Mexico–United States border. source ↗

A transborder agglomeration is an urban agglomeration or conurbation that extends into multiple sovereign states and/or dependent territories. It includes city-states that agglomerate with their neighbouring countries.

List of transborder agglomerations

Africa

Main municipalities Countries Total population
Kinshasa–Brazzaville Democratic Republic of the Congo / Republic of the Congo 19,547,463
Bukavu–Cyangugu Democratic Republic of the Congo / Rwanda 1,200,00012
Goma–Gisenyi 756,323
Abidjan–Lagos Côte d'Ivoire / Ghana / Togo / Benin / Nigeria 27,000,000
Lomé–Aflao Togo / Ghana 1,544,206
N'Djamena–Kousséri Chad / Cameroon 1,694,819

Asia

Main municipalities Countries Total population
Astara and Astara Iran– Azerbaijan 100,000
Khorramshahr–Abadan–Basra Iran– Iraq 2,000,000
Dhahran–Jubail–Manama Saudi Arabia– Bahrain 2,000,000
Tashkent–Saryagash Uzbekistan– Kazakhstan 3,000,0003
Fergana and Kyzyl-Kiya Uzbekistan– Kyrgyzstan 300,000
Qorasuv and Kara-Suu 40,000
Heihe–Blagoveshchensk China– Russia 400,000
Dandong–Sinuiju China– North Korea 1,000,000
Greater Bay Area (Guangzhou–Dongguan–Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Macau China– Hong Kong– Macau 71,200,000
Sijori Growth Triangle (Singapore–Johor Bahru–Batam–Bintan) Singapore– Malaysia– Indonesia 9,000,000
Padang Besar and Padang Besar Malaysia– Thailand 20,000
Vientiane–Nong Khai Laos– Thailand 900,000
Al Ain and Al-Buraimi United Arab Emirates– Oman 968,589
Savannakhet–Mukdahan Laos– Thailand 200,000

Europe

Main municipalities Countries Total population
Øresund Region (Greater Copenhagen and Malmö) Denmark– Sweden 3,964,522
Haparanda–Tornio Sweden– Finland 32,000
Pello (Pello, Övertorneå and Pello, Finland) 4,500
Karesuando–Karesuvanto 500
Imatra and Svetogorsk Finland– Russia 45,000
Ivangorod–Narva Russia– Estonia 69,000
Valga–Valka Estonia– Latvia 20,000
Como–Chiasso (part of Greater Milan)4 Italy–  Switzerland 189,0005
Gorizia–Nova Gorica Italy– Slovenia
Basel–Huningue–Weil am Rhein (Trinational Eurodistrict of Basel)  Switzerland– France– Germany 2,400,000
Geneva–Annemasse–Ferney-Voltaire–Nyon (Grand Genève)  Switzerland– France 890,000
Kreuzlingen–Konstanz  Switzerland– Germany 110,000
Basque Eurocity Bayonne-San Sebastián France– Spain 620,000
Le Perthus–Els Límits 700
Bourg-Madame–Puigcerdà
Hendaye–Irun
Lille–Roubaix–Tourcoing–Mouscron–Tournai–Kortrijk (Eurometropolis Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai) France– Belgium 1,850,000
Longwy–Aubange–Pétange France– Belgium– Luxembourg 80,000
Strasbourg–Kehl (Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict) France– Germany 700,000
Forbach–Saarbrücken 700,000
Monaco–Beausoleil–Cap-d'Ail Monaco– France 55,344
La Línea de la Concepción–Gibraltar Spain– Gibraltar 95,628
Baarle (Baarle-Hertog–Baarle-Nassau) Belgium– Netherlands 9,262
Görlitz–Zgorzelec Germany– Poland 85,000
Guben–Gubin 35,000
Frankfurt (Oder)–Słubice 75,000
Szczecin 763,321
Cieszyn–Český Těšín Poland– Czech Republic 57,000
Herzogenrath–Kerkrade Germany– Netherlands 95,000
Freilassing–Salzburg Germany– Austria 175,000
Vienna–Bratislava Austria– Slovakia 2,400,000
Komárom–Komárno Hungary– Slovakia 56,000
Rousse–Giurgiu Bulgaria– Romania 250,000
Lifford–Strabane Ireland– United Kingdom 18,500
Brod–Slavonski Brod Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 110,000
Zvornik–Mali Zvornik Bosnia and Herzegovina– Serbia 70,000
Gradiška–Stara Gradiška Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 53,000
Novi Grad–Dvor Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 30,000
Dubica–Hrvatska Dubica Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 23,000
Kostajnica–Hrvatska Kostajnica Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia 8,000

North America

Main municipalities Countries Total population
Paso Canoas Costa Rica / Panama 9,543
Metro Vancouver–Fraser Valley–Bellingham-Whatcom County United States / Canada 3,350,000
Detroit–Windsor 5,976,595
Buffalo-Niagara Region 1,614,790
Port Huron–Sarnia–Point Edward 105,776
Sault Ste. Marie–Sault Ste. Marie 93,944
San Diego–Tijuana United States / Mexico 5,105,7696
Calexico–Mexicali 1,143,000
San Luis Río Colorado–San Luis 227,000
Nogales–Nogales 240,000
El Paso–Juárez 2,500,0007
Laredo–Nuevo Laredo 775,4818
Lower Rio Grande Valley 2,671,0289
Reynosa–McAllen 1,500,00010
Brownsville–Matamoros 1,387,98511

South America

Main municipalities Countries Total population
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni–Albina French Guiana / Suriname
Saint Georges–Oiapoque French Guiana / Brazil 32,000
Quaraí–Artigas Brazil / Uruguay 67,000
Santana do Livramento–Rivera 140,000
Chuí–Chuy 15,5921213
Corumbá–Puerto Suárez Brazil / Bolivia 124,000
Tabatinga–Leticia–Santa Rosa Brazil / Colombia / Peru 107,000
Ponta Porã–Pedro Juan Caballero Brazil / Paraguay 209,000
Foz do Iguaçu–Ciudad del Este–Puerto Iguazu Brazil / Paraguay / Argentina 800,000
Barracão–Dionísio Cerqueira–Bernardo de Irigoyen Brazil / Argentina 36,000
Uruguaiana–Paso de los Libres 170,000
Tulcán–Ipiales Ecuador /  Colombia 190,000
Cúcuta–San Antonio del Táchira Colombia / Venezuela 700,000 14
See also

See also

References

References

  1. "Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo Population (2023) - Population Stat". populationstat.com. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  2. "Explore Cyangugu Town". Nyungwe Forest National Park. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  3. Dankov, Artem. "Central Asian cities are overgrown with slums". centre1.com. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  4. "Archived copy" (PDF). www.espon.eu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. "Archived copy" (PDF). www.espon.eu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "San Diego - Tijuana". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
  7. "The 411 - Fascinating Facts". Guest Life: El Paso/Juarez and Southern New Mexico. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 17 Feb 2010.
  8. "Nuevo Laredo Metro area". World Gazetteer. Retrieved 1 September 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  9. Gomez, Rodney; Guajardo, Luis; Ely-Ledesma, Edna (June 15, 2022). "It is time to recognize the Rio Grande Valley as a rising borderland metropolis". Rice University: Kinder Institute for Urban Research.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. "McAllen Overview". McAllen Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
  11. "Explore Matamoros". Brownsville South Padre Island International Airport. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  12. "IBGE Cidades (Brazil's Census 2010)".
  13. "INE (Uruguay's Census 2011)".
  14. http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2016/08/15/cucuta-y-san-antonio-dos-ciudades-unidas-pero-separadas-por-cierre-frontera/ "...que une ambas ciudades formando una conurbación, los 650.000 habitantes de Cúcuta y los 50.000 de San Antonio supieron que comenzaban tiempos difíciles."