Tokogeny

Tokogeny or tocogeny is the biological relationship between parent and offspring, or more generally between ancestors and descendants. In contradistinction to phylogeny it applies to individual organisms as opposed to species.

In the tokogenetic system shared characteristics are called traits.¹

References

Quentin R. Wheeler and Norman I. Platnick (21 August 2012). "5: The Phylogenetic Concept (sensu Wheeler and Platnick)". Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory: A Debate. Editors: Quentin Wheeler, Rudolf Meier. Columbia University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0231101424.

[1] Quentin R. Wheeler and Norman I. Platnick (21 August 2012). "5: The Phylogenetic Concept (sensu Wheeler and Platnick)". Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory: A Debate. Editors: Quentin Wheeler, Rudolf Meier. Columbia University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0231101424.

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