| Stephanodus Temporal range:
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|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | †Pycnodontiformes |
| Family: | †Pycnodontidae |
| Genus: | †Stephanodus Zittel, 1883 |
| Type species | |
| †Stephanodus lybicus Zittel, 1883
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| Synonyms | |
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Stephanodus is a form genus of extinct fossil ray-finned fish, referring to the hook-shaped pharyngeal teeth present on the branchial arch of pycnodonts.1
Some species placed in this genus were previously assigned to the fossil genus Grypodon Hay, 1899, which itself was created to replace the former genus name Ancistrodon Debey, 1849 due to it being preoccupied by a junior synonym of the snake genus Agkistrodon.23 Eotrigonodon is likely also another synonym for the genus1, but this is not completely certain.2
The following species are placed in this genus:456
- S. lybicus (Zittel, 1888) (type species) - Maastrichtian of Niger (Dukamaje Formation), Mali (Ménaka Formation) & India (Takli, Lameta, and Intertrappean Beds Formations), Paleocene of Mali (Tamaguélelt Formation), Eocene of India (Cambay Shale & Khuiala Formation)
- S. texanus (Dames, 1883) - Late Cretaceous of Texas, US
- S. mosensis (Dames, 1883) - Campanian of Germany (Vaals Greensand) and Maastrichtian of Netherlands (Maastricht Formation)
The alleged species S. armatus (Gervais, 1852) from the middle Eocene of Belgium and S. vicentinus (Dames, 1883) from the Oligocene of Italy likely represent indeterminate tetraodontiform teeth.7
References
References
- Kriwet, Jürgen (2005). "A comprehensive study of the skull and dentition of pycnodont fishes". Zitteliana. A (45): 135–188.
- Murray, A. M.; Thewissen, J. G. M. (2008). "Eocene actinopterygian fishes from Pakistan, with the description of a new genus and species of channid (channiformes)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (1): 41–52. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[41:EAFFPW]2.0.CO;2. Retrieved 2026-04-09.
- Kriwet, Jürgen (1999). "Pycnodont fishes (Neopterygii, +Pycnodontiformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Uña (E-Spain) with comments on branchial teeth in pycnodontid fishes". Mesozoic Fishes 2 - Systematics and Fossil Record, G. Arratia & H.-P. Schultze (eds.) (PDF). Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. pp. 215–238.
- Woodward, Arthur Smith (1895). Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History): containing the Actinopterygian Teleostomi of the orders Chondrostei (concluded), Protospondyli, Aetheospondyli, and Isospondyli (in part). Trustees of the British Museum.
- Hay, O. P. (1899). "On Some Changes in the Names, Generic and Specific, of Certain Fossil Fishes". The American Naturalist. 33 (394): 783–792. ISSN 0003-0147.
- https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=100374.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - Geology, British Museum (Natural History) Department of; Woodward, Arthur Smith (1901). Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural History): Actinopterygian Teleostomi of the suborders Isospondyli (in part), Ostariophysi, Apodes, Percesoces, Hemibranchii, Acanthopterygii, and Anacanthini. order of the Trustees.