| Woolly monkey sarcoma virus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification 
| |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Pararnavirae |
| Phylum: | Artverviricota |
| Class: | Revtraviricetes |
| Order: | Ortervirales |
| Family: | Retroviridae |
| Genus: | Gammaretrovirus |
| Species: | Gammaretrovirus woomonsar
|
Woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WMSV), with synonym Simian sarcoma virus (often abbreviated by SSV, but this may also stand for some species called Sulfolobus spindle-shaped virus, that belong to different genera in family Fuselloviridae) is a species of gammaretrovirus that infects primates. First isolation was from a fibrosarcoma in a woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothrica). For its reproduction the virus needs a helper or associated virus which is called Simian sarcoma associated virus (SSAV),123 also known as woolly monkey virus (WMV).4
The WMSV/SSV genome is nearly identical to the WMV/SSAV genome, except the part corresponding to the env gene on the WMV/SSAV genome5 is replaced by an oncogene called p28/v-sis. The lack of an env renders it reliant on the SSAV for reproduction while the presence of the oncogene makes it sarcoma-causing. v-sis is derived from a primate6 PDGFB (c-sis) gene that the ancestral WMSV/SSV had picked up instead of its own env gene.7
Simian sarcoma associated virus
WMV/SSAV is its own independently-replicating retrovirus. It is usually lumped into the same species as the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). It was originally detected in woolly monkeys co-housed in the same cage as gibbons, so the detection may have been due to a gibbon-to-monkey transmission rather than indicating the true natural host of the virus.4 Cladistically, the WMV/SSAV branch of the GALV-WMV clade also includes many rodent virues, including the Melomys burtoni retrovirus (MbRV), melomys woolly monkey retrovirus (MelWMV), and complete melomys woolly monkey retrovirus (cMWMV). cMWMV is a complete endogenous retrovirus found in some populations of Melomys leucogaster, still very capable of producing infectious virions, in contrast to earlier Melomys-harbored relatives which were incomplete.4
References
References
- International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
- "Taxonomy browser (Woolly monkey sarcoma virus)". NCBI. Retrieved 23 July 2025.
- Zoologix Simian sarcoma virus (SSV) and simian sarcoma associated virus (SSAV)
- Mottaghinia, Saba; Stenzel, Saskia; Tsangaras, Kyriakos; Nikolaidis, Nikolas; Laue, Michael; Müller, Karin; Hölscher, Henriette; Löber, Ulrike; McEwen, Gayle K.; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Rowe, Kevin C.; Aplin, Ken P.; Goffinet, Christine; Greenwood, Alex D. (6 February 2024). "A recent gibbon ape leukemia virus germline integration in a rodent from New Guinea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (6) e2220392121. doi:10.1073/pnas.2220392121.
- Gelmann, EP; Petri, E; Cetta, A; Wong-Staal, F (1982). "Deletions of specific regions of the simian sarcoma-associated virus genome are found in defective viruses and in the simian sarcoma virus". J. Virol. 41: 593–604. PMC 256788. PMID 6281470.
- Wong-Staal, F.; Favera, R. Dalla; Gelmann, E. P.; Manzari, V.; Szala, S.; Josephs, S. F.; Gallo, R. C. (1981). "The v-sis transforming gene of simian sarcoma virus is a new onc gene of primate origin". Nature. 294: 273–275. doi:10.1038/294273a0.
- Devare, SG; Reddy, EP; Law, JD; Robbins, KC; Aaronson, SA (February 1983). "Nucleotide sequence of the simian sarcoma virus genome: demonstration that its acquired cellular sequences encode the transforming gene product p28sis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (3): 731–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.3.731. JSTOR 13744. PMC 393453. PMID 6298772.
External links
External links
- University of Massachusetts Medical School Umass Profiles: Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey
- Born, M; von der Helm, K; Deinhardt, F (1982). "Virus-specific phosphoproteins in simian sarcoma virus-transformed primate cells". EMBO J. 1: 1029–33. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01291.x. PMC 553157. PMID 6329721.
- Johnsson, A; Betsholtz, C; Heldin, CH; Westermark, B (1986). "The phenotypic characteristics of simian sarcoma virus-transformed human fibroblasts suggest that the v-sis gene product acts solely as a PDGF receptor agonist in cell transformation". EMBO J. 5: 1535–41. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04394.x. PMC 1166977. PMID 3017700.
- Fidanián, HM; Drohán, WN; Baluda, MA (1975). "RNA of simian sarcoma-associated virus type 1 produced in human tumor cells". J Virol. 15: 449–57. doi:10.1128/JVI.15.3.449-457.1975. PMC 354479. PMID 46285.
- Wolfe, L. G.; Smith, R. K.; Deinhardt, F. (1972). "Simian Sarcoma Virus, Type 1 (Lagothrix): Focus Assay and Demonstration of Nontransforming Associated Virus". JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst. 48 (6): 1905–1908. doi:10.1093/jnci/48.6.1905.