Secular Progressive Alliance | |
|---|---|
மதச்சார்பற்ற முற்போக்குக் கூட்டணி | |
| Abbreviation | SPA |
| Chairperson | |
| Founder | C. N. Annadurai |
| Founded | February 1967 |
| Ideology | Big tent Factions: Dravidianism1 Tamil nationalism2 Social democracy3 Secularism4 |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| ECI Status | Not required |
| Seats in Rajya Sabha | 10 / 19 |
| Seats in Lok Sabha | 22 / 40 |
| Seats in State Legislative Assemblies | 58 / 234
(Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly) 5 / 33 (Puducherry Legislative Assembly) |
| Number of states and union territories in government | 0 / 31 |
The Secular Progressive Alliance (abbr. SPA), also known as DMK-led Alliance, is an Indian regional political party alliance in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry led by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). It was founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu C. N. Annadurai in 1967.
History
| Name | Period | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMK-led Alliance (DMK+) | 1967-2004 | |
| Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA) | 2004-2017 | 5 |
| Secular Progressive Alliance (SPA) | 2017-present | 6 |
Current members
| # | Party | Abbr. | Flag | Symbol | Leader | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | 
|
|
M. K. Stalin | |
| 2 | Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam7 | DMDK | 
|
Premalatha Vijayakant | ||
| 3 | Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi | KMDK | 
|
|
E. R. Eswaran | |
| 4 | Makkal Needhi Maiam | MNM | 
|
|
Kamal Haasan | |
| 5 | Manithaneya Makkal Katchi | MNMK | 
|
|
M. H. Jawahirullah | |
| 6 | Social Democratic Party of India | SDPI | 
|
|
V. M. S. Mohamed Mubarak | |
| 7 | Manithaneya Jananayaga Katchi | MJK | 
|
|
M. Thamimun Ansari | |
| 9 | Tamil Nadu Peasants and Workers Party | TNPWP |
|
|
Pon. Kumar | |
| 10 | Tamil Nadu Kongu Ilaingar Peravai | TNKIP |
|
|
U. Thaniyarasu | |
| 11 | Tamizhar Desam Katchi | TDK |
|
|
K. K. Selvakumar | |
| 12 | Adhi Tamilar Peravai | ATP |
|
|
R. Adhiyaman | |
| 13 | Mukkulathor Pulipadai | MKLP |
|
|
Karunas | |
| 14 | Makkal Viduthalai Katchi | MVK |
|
|
K. Murugavelrajan | |
| 15 | Dravida Vettri Kazhagam | DVK |
|
|
C. E. Sathya | |
| 16 | Samathuva Makkal Kazhagam | SMK |
|
|
Ernavoor Narayanan | |
| 17 | Jananayaga Muslim Makkal Party | JMMK |
|
|
Dr.M.F. Tamim | |
Indian general elections
| Duration | Election year | Allied parties | Contested by | Result | - style="text-align:center;" | DMK - Congress Alliance | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 1971 | DMK, INC, CPI and IUML | INC | Won | ||||||||||
| DMK - Congress(O) Alliance | ||||||||||||||
| 1977 | 1977 | DMK, INC(O), CPI(M) | INC | Lost | ||||||||||
| DMK - Congress Alliance | ||||||||||||||
| 1980 | 1980 | DMK, INC(O), CPI(M) | INC | Won | ||||||||||
| DMK - Janata Party Alliance | ||||||||||||||
| 1984 | 1984 | DMK, JP, CPI(M), CPI | DMK | Lost | ||||||||||
| National Front | ||||||||||||||
| 1989 | 1989 | DMK, JP, CPI(M), CPI | DMK | Lost | ||||||||||
| National Front | ||||||||||||||
| 1991 | 1991 | DMK, JP, CPI(M), CPI | DMK | Lost | ||||||||||
| United Front | ||||||||||||||
| 1996 | 1996 | DMK, TMC(M), CPI | DMK | Lost | ||||||||||
| United Front | ||||||||||||||
| 1998 | 1998 | DMK, TMC(M), CPI | DMK | Won | ||||||||||
| National Democratic Alliance | ||||||||||||||
| 1999 | 1999 | DMK, BJP, PMK | PMK | Lost | ||||||||||
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||||||||||||
| 2004 | 2004 | DMK, INC, PMK, IUML, CPI, CPI(M) | PMK | Won |- style="text-align:center;" | United Progressive Alliance | |||||||||
| 2004–2013 | 2009 | DMK, INC, VCK | INC | Won | ||||||||||
| DMK-VCK Alliance | ||||||||||||||
| 2013–2016 | 20148 | DMK, VCK, MMK, PT | DMK | Lost | ||||||||||
| United Progressive Alliance | ||||||||||||||
| 2016–2023 | 2019 | DMK, VCK, CPI(M), CPI | INC | Won | ||||||||||
| Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance | ||||||||||||||
| 2023–2026 | 2024 | DMK, VCK, CPI(M), CPI, MNM | INC | Won | ||||||||||
State Legislative Assembly elections
Strength in Legislative Assembly
Tamil Nadu
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 57 / 234
|
||
| Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam | DMDK | Dravidianism | 1 / 234
|
||
Puducherry
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 5 / 30
| |
Strength in Lok Sabha
Tamil Nadu
| Party | Abbr. | Ideology | Seats | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | DMK | Dravidianism | 22 / 39
| |
Withdrawals
The Left parties defected to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)-led front in 2009 after it withdrew support to the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance coalition in the centre.
The Pattali Makkal Katchi withdrew support in 2008 over differences with the DMK but it still remained in the Congress-led UPA in the centre. But after differences over seat sharing before the 15th Lok Sabha, it withdrew support to the UPA also and crossed over to the AIADMK-led front.
The Manithaneya Makkal Katchi was formed in 2009 by the Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazagham and immediately joined the DPA. However, before the Lok Sabha elections, its demand for two Lok Sabha seats and one Rajya Sabha seat was turned down by the DMK, which offered them a lone Lok Sabha seat. The MMK withdrew from the DPA, and is now tied up with small parties like actor Sarath Kumar-led Akila Indiya Samathuva Makkal Katchi, the Puthiya Tamilzhagam and the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Prior to the 2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election, the Tamilaga Vazhvurimai Katchi and Moovendar Munnetra Kazhagam withdrew their support from the SPA alliance.1112 Following the election, the Indian National Congress, which had won five seats as part of the SPA alliance, extended its support to Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam.1314 The Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India (Marxist), Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi and Indian Union Muslim League also extended unconditional support to TVK to facilitate the formation of a government before the deadline (10 May) and avoid the imposition of President's rule, while continuing their alliance with the DMK-led SPA.1516 Subsequently, the IUML and VCK joined the TVK-led coalition government, with their MLAs being sworn in as ministers. The parties also formally confirmed that they would continue as part of the SPA alliance.1718 Communist Party of India (Marxist) later left the alliance when M. K. Stalin stirred up a controversy by commenting on the alliance partners support for the Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam led Tamil Nadu Government, saying it was after its (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam) approval, CPI(M) state secretary P Shanmugam denied it saying it was an independent decision and left the alliance .19Communist Party of India and as well as Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam too withdrew there support and left the alliance.
Governments and legislative leaders
- Annadurai ministry (1967–1969)
- First Karunanidhi ministry (1969–1971)
- Second Karunanidhi ministry (1971–1976)
- Third Karunanidhi ministry (1989–1991)
- Fourth Karunanidhi ministry (1996–2001)
- Fifth Karunanidhi ministry (2006–2011)
- Narayanasamy ministry (2016–2021)
- M. K. Stalin ministry (2021–2026)
Notes
Notes
References
References
- Palanithurai 1997, pp. 21–22. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPalanithurai1997 (help)
- Hardgrave, Robert L. "The DMK and the Politics of Tamil Nationalism." Pacific Affairs, vol. 37, no. 4, 1964, pp. 396–411. JSTOR, doi:10.2307/2755132. Accessed 6 Jun. 2022.
- "Dravida Munnetra Kazgham (DMK)". Business Standard India. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
- Soper, J. Christopher; Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 200–210. ISBN 978-1-107-18943-0.
- "DMK launches Democratic Progressive Alliance". TimesofIndia. 20 January 2004. Retrieved 20 January 2004.
- "Lok Sabha elections 2019: DMK chief MK Stalin launches Secular Progressive Alliance". The Times of India. 16 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
- "DMDK joins DMK alliance ahead of 2026 Tamil Nadu Assembly polls". The News Minute. 20 February 2026.
- "DMK-led Democratic Progressive Alliance to mobilise people under 'secular front'". The Economic Times. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/iuml-to-join-tn-cm-vijays-cabinet-am-shahjahan-to-represent-party/article71006250.ece
- https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/iuml-and-vck-to-also-join-vijay-cabinet-expansion-likely-tomorrow-sources-11527767
- "Tamil Nadu election 2026: Velmurugan's Tamilaga Vazhvurimai Katchi exits DMK alliance; rules out joining NDA". The Hindu. 22 March 2026. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
- பிரிவு, இணையதளச் செய்திப் (1 April 2026). "தமிழக வாழ்வுரிமைக் கட்சிக்கு கேமரா சின்னம் ஒதுக்கீடு!". தினமணி (in Tamil). Retrieved 12 May 2026.
- "TVK seeks Congress support to form govt. in Tamil Nadu: K.C. Venugopal". The Hindu. 5 May 2026. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
- "Congress snaps ties with DMK; extends support to Vijay's TVK, seeking 'share' in T.N. government". The Hindu. 7 May 2026. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
- "CPI, CPI(M) offer unconditional support to TVK for Tamil Nadu government formation". The News Mill. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
- "VCK, IUML extend unconditional support to Vijay's TVK; alliance with DMK intact, says Thirumavalavan". The Hindu. 9 May 2026. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
- "IUML to join TVK-led Cabinet in Tamil Nadu". The Hindu. 21 May 2026. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
- "IUML And VCK To Also Join Vijay Cabinet". 21 May 2026.
- Staff, T. N. M. (8 June 2026). "CPI(M) says DMK alliance no longer exists in Tamil Nadu". The News Minute. Retrieved 8 June 2026.