| Sar | |
|---|---|
| Madjingay | |
| Native to | Chad |
Native speakers | (180,000 cited 1993 census)1 |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | mwm |
| Glottolog | sarr1246 |
Sar or Sara, also known as Madjingay and Sara Madjingay is a Bongo–Bagirmi language of southern Chad, and the lingua franca of regional capital of Sarh.
Phonology
The consonants are as follows.2
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Postalveolar /Palatal |
Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate |
tenuis | p | t | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | ɡ | ||
| prenasalized | m͡b | n͡d | n͡dʒ | ŋ͡ɡ | ||
| implosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| Fricative | s | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Liquid | oral | l | ɽ | |||
| nasalized | ɽ̃ | |||||
| Semi-vowel | oral | j | w | |||
| nasalized | j̃ | |||||
Vowels and nasal vowels are as follows:
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ĩ | ɨ | u ũ |
| Mid | e ẽ | (ə) | o õ |
| ɔ | |||
| Open | a ã |
/o, e/ can also be heard as [ə].3
| Tone | Example | Gloss |
|---|---|---|
| high | ɡáŋɡá | drum |
| mid | māl | scavenger |
| low | jàbə̀ | hippopotamus |
| nasal | tã | sauce |
References
References
- Sar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- (in French) Fournier, Maurice, Les consonnes du sar, dans Études phonologiques tchadiennes (Jean-Pierre Caprile, éd.), pp. 37-44, Paris, SELAF, 1977, ISBN 2-85297-019-8
- Keegan, John M. (2014). Lexique Sar. The Eastern Sara Languages: Cuenca: Morkeg Books.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link) - (in French) Moundo Ndimajibay, Nei-Balway, Les limites des modifications en sar, dans Études phonologiques tchadiennes (Jean-Pierre Caprile, éd.), pp. 45-58, Paris, SELAF, 1977, ISBN 2-85297-019-8
- "PanAfriL10n - PanAfrLoc - Sara". PanAfrican Localisation Resource Wiki. Retrieved 2017-03-07.