Productida

Productida; Temporal range:
	Productid brachiopod ventral valve interior; Roadian, Guadalupian (Middle Permian); Glass Mountains, Texas.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Brachiopoda
Class:	†Strophomenata
Order:	†Productida; Sarytcheva & Sokolskaya, 1959
Suborders
	†Chonetidina; †Lyttoniidina; †Productidina; †Strophalosiidina;

Productida is an extinct order of brachiopods in the extinct class Strophomenata. Members of Productida first appeared during the Silurian.¹ They represented the most abundant group of brachiopods during the Permian period, accounting for 45-70% of all species. The vast majority of species went extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, though a handful survived into the Early Triassic.² Many productids are covered in hollow tubular spines, which are characteristic of the group. A number of functions for the spines have been proposed, including as a defensive mechanism against predators.³

Taxonomy

Following the Treatise⁴

Suborder Chonetidina
- Superfamily Chonetoidea
  - Family Strophochonetidae
  - Family Chonostrophiidae
  - Family Anopliidae
  - Family Eodevonariidae
  - Family Chonetidae
  - Family Rugosochonetidae
  - Family Daviesiellidae
Suborder Productidina
- Superfamily Productoidea
  - Family Productellidae
  - Family Productidae
- Superfamily Echinoconchoidea
  - Family Echinoconchidae
  - Family Sentosiidae
- Superfamily Linoproductoidea
  - Family Linoproductidae
  - Family Monticuliferidae
  - Family Shrenkiellidae
Suborder Strophalosiidina
- Superfamily Strophalosioidea
  - Family Strophalosiidae
  - Family Chonopectidae
  - Family Araksalosiidae
- Superfamily Aulostegoidea
  - Family Aulostegidae
  - Family Cooperinidae
  - Family Scacchinellidae
- Superfamily Richthofenioidea
  - Family Richthofeniidae
  - Family Hercosiidae
  - Family Cyclacanthariidae
  - Family Gemmellaroiidae
Suborder Lyttoniidina
- Superfamily Lyttonioidea
  - Family Lyttoniidae
  - Family Rigbyellidae
- Superfamily Permianelloidea
  - Family Permianellidae

References

Clarkson, E. N. K. (2013-07-23). Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68516-7.
Zhang, Yang; He, WeiHong (November 2008). "Evolutionary patterns of Productida (Brachiopoda) morphology during the Permian in South China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 51 (11): 1589–1600. Bibcode:2008ScChD..51.1589Z. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0131-3. ISSN 1006-9313. S2CID 129786860.
Johnsen, Simen Alexander Linge; Ahmed, Madeeha; Leighton, Lindsey R. (April 2013). "The effect of spines of a Devonian productide brachiopod on durophagous predation". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 375: 30–37. Bibcode:2013PPP...375...30J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.02.009.
Williams, Alwyn; Brunton, C.H.C.; Carlson, S.J.; et al. (1997–2007). Kaesler, Roger L.; Selden, Paul (eds.). Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Boulder, Colorado; Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America; University of Kansas.

External links

Data related to Productida at Wikispecies
Media related to Productida at Wikimedia Commons
"Productida". Paleobiology Database.

[1] Clarkson, E. N. K. (2013-07-23). Invertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-68516-7.

[2] Zhang, Yang; He, WeiHong (November 2008). "Evolutionary patterns of Productida (Brachiopoda) morphology during the Permian in South China". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 51 (11): 1589–1600. Bibcode:2008ScChD..51.1589Z. doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0131-3. ISSN 1006-9313. S2CID 129786860.

[3] Johnsen, Simen Alexander Linge; Ahmed, Madeeha; Leighton, Lindsey R. (April 2013). "The effect of spines of a Devonian productide brachiopod on durophagous predation". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 375: 30–37. Bibcode:2013PPP...375...30J. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.02.009.

[4] Williams, Alwyn; Brunton, C.H.C.; Carlson, S.J.; et al. (1997–2007). Kaesler, Roger L.; Selden, Paul (eds.). Part H, Brachiopoda (Revised). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Boulder, Colorado; Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America; University of Kansas.

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