Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 18, 2026

Primer-E Primer

Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research (PRIMER) is a statistical package that is a collection of specialist univariate, multivariate, and graphical routines for analyzing species sampling data for community ecology. Types of data analyzed are typically species abundance, biomass, presence/absence, and percent area cover, among others. It is primarily used in the scientific community for ecological and environmental studies.

Last revised
Jun 18, 2026
Read time
≈ 1 min
Length
160 w
Citations
2
Source
PRIMER
DeveloperPlymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecology Research
Stable release
7
Operating systemWindows
TypeNumerical analysis
LicenseProprietary
Websitehttps://www.primer-e.com/

Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research (PRIMER) is a statistical package that is a collection of specialist univariate, multivariate, and graphical routines for analyzing species sampling data for community ecology.1 Types of data analyzed are typically species abundance, biomass, presence/absence, and percent area cover, among others. It is primarily used in the scientific community for ecological and environmental studies.

Multivariate routines include:

Routines can be resource intensive due to their non-parametric and permutation-based nature. Programmed in the VB.Net environment.

References

References

  1. Clarke, K.R.; Gorley, R.N. (2015). "PRIMER v7: User Manual/Tutorial" (Document). PRIMER-E.
  2. Anderson, M.J.; Gorley, R.N.; Clarke, K.R. (2015). "PERMANOVA+ for PRIMER: Guide to Software and Statistical Methods" (Document). PRIMER-E.
See also

See also