Plumbogummite

Plumbogummite
General
Category	Phosphate minerals
Formula	PbAl3(PO4)2(OH)5·H2O
IMA symbol	Pbg1
Strunz classification	8.BL.10
Dana classification	42.7.3.5
Crystal system	Trigonal
Crystal class	Hexagonal scalenohedral (3m) H-M symbol: (3 2/m)
Space group	R3m
Identification
Formula mass	581.14 g/mol
Color	Blue, grey, greenish or yellow
Crystal habit	Crystals, rare, have a hexagonal outline
Cleavage	None
Fracture	Uneven or sub-conchoidal
Tenacity	Brittle
Mohs scale hardness	4 to 5 23 or 4.5 to 545
Luster	Resinous or dull
Streak	White
Diaphaneity	Translucent
Specific gravity	4.014
Optical properties	Uniaxial (+), segments of crystals may be biaxial5
Refractive index	no = 1.6534 or 1.653 to 1.6885 ne = 1.6754 or 1.675 to 1.7045 no = 1.722 and ne = 1.742 for Ga-rich plumbogummite6
Pleochroism	None6
Solubility	Soluble in hot acids
Other characteristics	Non-fluorescent, not radioactive
References	2345

Plumbogummite is a rare secondary lead phosphate mineral, belonging to the alunite supergroup of minerals, crandallite subgroup.² Some other members of this subgroup are:

• Crandallite, CaAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₅·H₂O, where calcium replaces lead
• Goyazite, SrAl₃(PO₄)₂(OH)₅·H₂O, where strontium replaces lead
• Philipsbornite, PbAl₃(AsO₄)₂(OH)₅·H₂O, where the arsenate group AsO₄ replaces the phosphate group PO₄

Plumbogummite was discovered in 1819² and named in 1832⁴ from the Latin "plumbum" for lead, and "gummi" for gum, in allusion to its lead content and appearance, which at times resembles coatings of gum.

Plumbogummite crystallizes in space group R3m. The reported lattice parameters (the lengths of the sides of the unit cell) vary in detail according to the source, but all agree that normal plumbogummite has "a" close to 7 Å and "c" close to 17 Å, with Z=3. Various reported values of "a" and "c"are:

a = 7.01 Å,² 7.017 Å,⁵ 7.018 Å,³ 7.033 Å⁴

c = 16.71Å,² 16.75 Å,⁵ 16.784 Å,³ 16.789 Å⁴

Mills et al.⁶ investigated a gallium-rich sample of plumbogummite from Tsumeb, Namibia, and found larger cell parameters, with a = 7.0752 Å and c = 16.818 Å.

The basic structural units of plumbogummite are PO₄ tetrahedra, with phosphorus atoms (P) at the center and oxygen atoms (O) at the corners, together with AlO₆ octahedra, aluminium atoms (Al) at the center and oxygen atoms at the corners. The tetrahedra and octahedra combine by sharing corners, to form composite layers. Lead atoms (Pb) occupy sites between the layers.⁶

Plumbogummite is found in the oxidized zones of lead-bearing deposits. It commonly occurs as botryoidal, kidney shaped, stalactitic or globular crusts or masses, frequently with a concentric structure; rare crystals have a hexagonal outline. Pyromorphite and baryte are commonly associated minerals, and plumbogummite may be pseudomorphic after them. Other associated minerals include mimetite, duftite, cerussite, anglesite and wulfenite.⁵

The type locality is Huelgoat, Finistère, Brittany, France, and the type material is stored in the Natural History Museum, Paris, France.⁵

Plumbogummite has been found in the Central Cobar Mines, New South Wales, Australia⁷ and the Nifty Copper Mine, Western Australia.⁸ Also in the Kintore open cut at Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, but it is generally inconspicuous there and only a few specimens have been collected.⁹

Material from the Siglio XX Mine, Llallagua, Bolivia, is an unusual pale yellow color, rather than the more common blue or green, forming crusts on quartz and cassiterite, and enclosing crude octahedral jeanbandyite crystals with orange colored shells of plumbogummite.¹⁰