Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 16, 2026

Partial groupoid

In abstract algebra, a partial groupoid is a set endowed with a partial binary operation.

Last revised
Jun 16, 2026
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≈ 2 min
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Group-like structures
Total Associative Identity Divisible
Partial magma Unneeded Unneeded Unneeded Unneeded
Semigroupoid Unneeded Required Unneeded Unneeded
Small category Unneeded Required Required Unneeded
Groupoid Unneeded Required Required Required
Magma Required Unneeded Unneeded Unneeded
Quasigroup Required Unneeded Unneeded Required
Unital magma Required Unneeded Required Unneeded
Loop Required Unneeded Required Required
Semigroup Required Required Unneeded Unneeded
Associative quasigroup Required Required Unneeded Required
Monoid Required Required Required Unneeded
Group Required Required Required Required

In abstract algebra, a partial groupoid (also called halfgroupoid, pargoid, or partial magma) is a set endowed with a partial binary operation.12

A partial groupoid is a partial algebra.

Partial semigroup

A partial groupoid ( G , ) {\displaystyle (G,\circ )} is called a partial semigroup if the following associative law holds:3

For all x , y , z G {\displaystyle x,y,z\in G} such that x y G {\displaystyle x\circ y\in G} and y z G {\displaystyle y\circ z\in G} , the following two statements hold:

  1. x ( y z ) G {\displaystyle x\circ (y\circ z)\in G} if and only if ( x y ) z G {\displaystyle (x\circ y)\circ z\in G} , and
  2. x ( y z ) = ( x y ) z {\displaystyle x\circ (y\circ z)=(x\circ y)\circ z} if x ( y z ) G {\displaystyle x\circ (y\circ z)\in G} (and, because of 1., also ( x y ) z G {\displaystyle (x\circ y)\circ z\in G} ).
References

References

  1. Evseev, A. E. (1988). "A survey of partial groupoids". In Ben Silver (ed.). Nineteen Papers on Algebraic Semigroups. American Mathematical Soc. ISBN 0-8218-3115-1.
  2. Folkert Müller-Hoissen; Jean Marcel Pallo; Jim Stasheff, eds. (2012). Associahedra, Tamari Lattices and Related Structures: Tamari Memorial Festschrift. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 11 and 82. ISBN 978-3-0348-0405-9.
  3. Schelp, R. H. (1972). "A partial semigroup approach to partially ordered sets". Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society. 3 (1): 46–58. doi:10.1112/plms/s3-24.1.46. Retrieved 1 April 2023.
Further reading

Further reading

  • E.S. Ljapin; A.E. Evseev (1997). The Theory of Partial Algebraic Operations. Springer Netherlands. ISBN 978-0-7923-4609-8.