MX1

MX1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3LJB, 3SZR, 3ZYS, 4P4S, 4P4T, 4P4U
Identifiers
Aliases	MX1, IFI-78K, IFI78, MX, MxA, MX dynamin like GTPase 1, lncMX1-215
External IDs	OMIM: 147150; MGI: 97244; HomoloGene: 1844; GeneCards: MX1; OMA:MX1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 21 (human)
End	41,470,071 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	97,362,100 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	trigeminal ganglion; ; spinal ganglia; ; nasal epithelium; ; palpebral conjunctiva; ; monocyte; ; decidua; ; olfactory zone of nasal mucosa; ; granulocyte; ; spleen; ; human penis;
	Top expressed in
	embryo; ; surface ectoderm; ; duodenum; ; thymus; ; choroid plexus of fourth ventricle; ; yolk sac; ; muscle of thigh; ; liver; ; islet of Langerhans; ; perirhinal cortex;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding; GTP binding; protein binding; GTPase activity; microtubule binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; nuclear membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; membrane; endoplasmic reticulum; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; nucleus; mitochondrial membranes;
Biological process	defense response; immune system process; response to virus; type I interferon signaling pathway; innate immune response; signal transduction; apoptotic process; response to type I interferon; negative regulation of viral genome replication; mitochondrial fission; dynamin family protein polymerization involved in mitochondrial fission; membrane fusion; defense response to virus;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4599
	17858
	ENSG00000157601
	ENSMUSG00000023341
	P20591
	Q9WVP9
	NM_001144925; NM_001178046; NM_001282920; NM_002462
	NM_013606
	NP_001138397; NP_001171517; NP_001269849; NP_002453
	NP_038634
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MX1 gene.⁵⁶

In mice, the interferon-inducible Mx protein is responsible for a specific antiviral state against influenza virus infection. Furthermore, the human orthologue MxA is a major host determinant for influenza viruses of animal origin.⁷ The protein encoded by this gene is similar to the mouse protein as determined by its antigenic relatedness, induction conditions, physicochemical properties, and amino acid analysis. This cytoplasmic protein is a member of both the dynamin superfamily and the family of large GTPases.⁶

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157601 – Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023341 – Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G (Jul 2007). "Interferon-induced Mx proteins in antiviral host defense". Biochimie. 89 (6–7): 812–818. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2007.04.015. PMID 17570575.
"Entrez Gene: MX1 myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78 (mouse)".
Ciminski K, Chase G, Beer M, Schwemmle M (Feb 2021). "Influenza A Viruses: Understanding Human Host Determinants". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 27 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.014. PMID 33097424. S2CID 225058479.

Further reading

Pavlovic J, Haller O, Staeheli P (Apr 1992). "Human and mouse Mx proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle". Journal of Virology. 66 (4): 2564–2569. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.4.2564-2569.1992. PMC 289059. PMID 1548781.
Horisberger MA (Aug 1992). "Interferon-induced human protein MxA is a GTPase which binds transiently to cellular proteins". Journal of Virology. 66 (8): 4705–4709. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.8.4705-4709.1992. PMC 241296. PMID 1629950.
Petersen MB, Slaugenhaupt SA, Lewis JG, Warren AC, Chakravarti A, Antonarakis SE (Mar 1991). "A genetic linkage map of 27 markers on human chromosome 21". Genomics. 9 (3): 407–419. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90406-5. PMID 1674496.
Horisberger MA, McMaster GK, Zeller H, Wathelet MG, Dellis J, Content J (Mar 1990). "Cloning and sequence analyses of cDNAs for interferon- and virus-induced human Mx proteins reveal that they contain putative guanine nucleotide-binding sites: functional study of the corresponding gene promoter". Journal of Virology. 64 (3): 1171–1181. doi:10.1128/JVI.64.3.1171-1181.1990. PMC 249231. PMID 2154602.
Pavlovic J, Zürcher T, Haller O, Staeheli P (Jul 1990). "Resistance to influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus conferred by expression of human MxA protein". Journal of Virology. 64 (7): 3370–3375. doi:10.1128/JVI.64.7.3370-3375.1990. PMC 249583. PMID 2161946.
Aebi M, Fäh J, Hurt N, et al. (Nov 1989). "cDNA structures and regulation of two interferon-induced human Mx proteins". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 9 (11): 5062–5072. doi:10.1128/mcb.9.11.5062. PMC 363658. PMID 2481229.
Weitz G, Bekisz J, Zoon K, Arnheiter H (Dec 1989). "Purification and characterization of a human Mx protein". Journal of Interferon Research. 9 (6): 679–689. doi:10.1089/jir.1989.9.679. PMID 2607176.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Melen K, Keskinen P, Ronni T, Sareneva T, Lounatmaa K, Julkunen I (Sep 1996). "Human MxB protein, an interferon-alpha-inducible GTPase, contains a nuclear targeting signal and is localized in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (38): 23478–23486. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.38.23478. PMID 8798556.
Ponten A, Sick C, Weeber M, Haller O, Kochs G (Apr 1997). "Dominant-negative mutants of human MxA protein: domains in the carboxy-terminal moiety are important for oligomerization and antiviral activity". Journal of Virology. 71 (4): 2591–2599. doi:10.1128/JVI.71.4.2591-2599.1997. PMC 191379. PMID 9060610.
Fernández M, Quiroga JA, Martín J, et al. (Apr 1997). "Impaired interferon induction of human MxA protein in chronic hepatitis B virus infection". Journal of Medical Virology. 51 (4): 332–337. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199704)51:4<332::AID-JMV12>3.0.CO;2-K. PMID 9093949. S2CID 12578068.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–156. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Li Y, Youssoufian H (Dec 1997). "MxA overexpression reveals a common genetic link in four Fanconi anemia complementation groups". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 100 (11): 2873–2880. doi:10.1172/JCI119836. PMC 508494. PMID 9389754.
Kochs G, Trost M, Janzen C, Haller O (Jul 1998). "MxA GTPase: oligomerization and GTP-dependent interaction with viral RNP target structures". Methods. 15 (3). San Diego, Calif.: 255–263. doi:10.1006/meth.1998.0629. PMID 9735310.
Weber F, Haller O, Kochs G (Jan 2000). "MxA GTPase blocks reporter gene expression of reconstituted Thogoto virus ribonucleoprotein complexes". Journal of Virology. 74 (1): 560–563. doi:10.1128/JVI.74.1.560-563.2000. PMC 111572. PMID 10590150.
Hijikata M, Ohta Y, Mishiro S (2000). "Identification of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the MxA gene promoter (G/T at nt -88) correlated with the response of hepatitis C patients to interferon". Intervirology. 43 (2): 124–127. doi:10.1159/000025035. PMID 10971132. S2CID 19445539.
Engelhardt OG, Ullrich E, Kochs G, Haller O (Dec 2001). "Interferon-induced antiviral Mx1 GTPase is associated with components of the SUMO-1 system and promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies". Experimental Cell Research. 271 (2): 286–295. doi:10.1006/excr.2001.5380. PMID 11716541.
Hijikata M, Mishiro S, Miyamoto C, Furuichi Y, Hashimoto M, Ohta Y (2002). "Genetic polymorphism of the MxA gene promoter and interferon responsiveness of hepatitis C patients: revisited by analyzing two SNP sites (-123 and -88) in vivo and in vitro". Intervirology. 44 (6): 379–382. doi:10.1159/000050075. PMID 11805446. S2CID 46752867.
Kochs G, Haener M, Aebi U, Haller O (Apr 2002). "Self-assembly of human MxA GTPase into highly ordered dynamin-like oligomers". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (16): 14172–14176. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200244200. PMID 11847228.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000157601 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023341 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Haller_2007-5] Haller O, Staeheli P, Kochs G (Jul 2007). "Interferon-induced Mx proteins in antiviral host defense". Biochimie. 89 (6–7): 812–818. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2007.04.015. PMID 17570575.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: MX1 myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1, interferon-inducible protein p78 (mouse)".

[7] Ciminski K, Chase G, Beer M, Schwemmle M (Feb 2021). "Influenza A Viruses: Understanding Human Host Determinants". Trends in Molecular Medicine. 27 (2): 104–112. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2020.09.014. PMID 33097424. S2CID 225058479.

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