A Rite, within the context of Freemasonry, refers to a comprehensive system of degrees that hold the capability to initiate and advance a newcomer through various stages of Masonic knowledge and experience. In some cases, a Master Mason can be invited to join a different rite after having reached Mastery to further his knowledge. For a system of Masonic degrees to be named rite, it must encompass the first three blue lodge craft degrees, either as degrees within the rite or as a prerequisite for joining the rite. In essence, a Masonic rite occupies a central position in the trajectory of a Mason's journey, serving as the vehicle through which Masonic teachings and lessons are imparted.1
Authority and Control
Except for rare exceptions, Masonic rites are most of the time under the control of Grand Lodges for the first three degrees then under the control of a concordant body for any upper degrees.23
The most practiced rite in the world from the Entered Apprentice degree is the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite.4
Masonic rites
Over time, a number of different Masonic degree systems have been developed, some of which are still in use, and others which have now ceased to exist. In his 1861 book "Tuileur Général De La Francmaçonnerie Ou Manuel De L'initié", Jean-Marie Ragon lists 52 Masonic Rites and over 1400 degrees.5
Currently Practiced Masonic Rites
| Rite Name | Degrees | Notable Regions | Year Established | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adonhiramite Rite | 13 (Traditional) / 33 (Modern) | Brazil, Portugal, Uruguay, France6 | 1781 | Originally 13 degrees ending with Noachite or Prussian Knight. In Brazil, it was later expanded to a 33-degree system. Has been worked in Brazil since the early 19th century.7 |
| Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite | 33 | Worldwide | 1801 | Most widely practiced Masonic rite globally in the higher degrees. |
| Ancient and Primitive Rite | 33 | Multiple regions | 1872 | Formulated by John Yarker. A 33-degree reduction of the historic Egyptian-influenced Rite of Memphis. |
| Portuguese Rite8 | 3 | Portugal | 1882 | National rite of Portuguese Free-Masonry, primarily focused on the three symbolic degrees. |
| Brazilian Rite | 33 | Brazil | 1914 | Created by Lauro Sodré. It incorporates Brazilian national symbols, history, and civic duties into its philosophical lectures. |
| Irish Rite | 3 | Ireland, Worldwide | Traditional symbolic working of the Grand Lodge of Ireland. | |
| French Rite (or Modern Rite) | 7 | Worldwide | 1725 (the ritual) 1786 (Codified) | Principal rite of French Free-Masonry. Comprises 3 symbolic degrees and 4 higher philosophical orders. A direct descendent of the Premiere Grand Lodge ritual.9 |
| Moorish Rite | Multiple | United States1011 | 20th Century | Influenced by Moorish Science traditions; highly irregular and not recognized by mainstream Free-Masonry. |
| National Mexican Rite | 9 | Mexico | 1825 | National rite of Mexican Free-Masonry, historically tied to 19th-century political and social reform in Mexico. |
| Primitive Scottish Rite | 33 | Multiple regions | 1770 | Established at Namur by Marchot. Practiced by some Grand Lodges and worked exclusively by the Grande Loge Symbolique travaillant au Rite Écossais Primitif12 |
| Rectified Scottish Rite | 6 | Europe13, North America14, and South America.15 | 1778 | Christian-themed rite, focused on Knight Templar spiritual descendance and the doctrine of reintegration; always written as R.E.R. in English. |
| Standard Scottish Rite | 3 | Multiple regions (Prominent in France) | 19th Century | Standardized version of ancient Scottish workings, historically codified in Scotland but highly popular in France. |
| Rite Français Moderne Rétabli | 7 | France | 1955 | Modern traditional restoration of the older forms of the French Rite, removing later secular revisions. |
| Rite of Baldwyn | 7 | Bristol, UK | circa 1780 | Historic English rite unique to the Province of Bristol, comprising the Five Royal Orders. |
| Rite of Memphis | 95 | Multiple regions | 1838 | Also known as the Oriental Rite. Egyptian-influenced system founded by Jacques Étienne Marconis de Nègre. |
| Rite of Memphis-Misraïm | 99 | Multiple regions | 1881 | Combines the Memphis and Misraïm traditions into one Egyptian Free-Masonry system, largely credited to Giuseppe Garibaldi. |
| Rite of Misraïm | 90 | Multiple regions | 1805 | Egyptian-influenced rite established in Italy and France by the Bédarride brothers. |
| Rite Opératif de Salomon | 9 | Multiple regions | 1974 | Operative working focusing heavily on Solomonic traditions and esoteric builder symbolism, created in France. |
| Schröder Rite | 3 | Germany, Brazil, Multiple regions | 1801 | German system established by Friedrich Ludwig Schröder, focused purely on the three symbolic degrees with no higher degrees. |
| Swedish Rite | 11 | Sweden, Nordic Countries, Germany | 1759 | Official system of Swedish Free-Masonry. Strictly Christian and heavily influenced by Rosicrucian and Templar traditions. |
| York Rite | 10 | Multiple regions | 1797 | Comprises three distinct bodies (Chapter, Council, Commandery). One of the most popular appendant rites, especially in English-speaking countries. |
| Élus Coëns / Martinism Rite | 11 (Coën) / 3-4 (Martinism) | Multiple regions | 1767 (Coën) | Esoteric Christian system. The original Élus Coëns required Free-Masonry, while modern Martinism is a parallel, independent tradition. |
| Pennsylvania Work (Ancient York Masonry) | 3 | Pennsylvania, USA | 1786 | Only U.S. state not practicing the Preston-Webb Ritual. Preserves older "Antients" Grand Lodge workings.16 |
| Philosophical Scottish Rite | 12 | Belgium, France | 1776 | Established at the Contrat Social Lodge in Paris. Still actively practiced in Belgium.17 |
| Eclectic Rite | 3 | Germany, Switzerland, Uruguay, Brazil18 | 1783 | Formed in Frankfurt. Focuses exclusively on the Blue Lodge degrees to strip away higher-degree occultism.12 |
| Philosophical French Rite | 3 | France | 1969–2002 | Created within Tolérance lodge of Grand Orient de France. Covers three symbolic degrees (Apprentice, Fellowcraft, Master).1920 |
Historical Rites that are believed to No Longer be Practiced
| Rite Name | Degrees | Year Established | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ancient Reformed rite | - | - | 5 |
| Rite of Adoption | - | - | 5 |
| Rite of Strict Observance | 7 | 1751 | dissolved in 1782.12 |
| Cagliostro Adoption Rite | - | - | 5 |
| Rite of the Knights of the Two Eagles | - | - | 5 |
| Amicists Rite | - | - | 21 |
| African Architect Rite | - | 1767 | 22 |
| Rite of the Chapter of Clermont | - | 1754 | 5 |
| Chaldean Rite | 3 | - | 23 |
| Fesster Rite | 9 | 1765 | 23 |
| Clerks of the Relaxed Observance Rite | 10 | - | 12 |
| Rite of Brother Henoch | 4 | - | 12 |
| Indian Rite | 3 | - | 23 |
| Chastannier Rite | - | 1767 | Benedict 5 |
| Rite of the Negotiates | 3 | 1780 | Pythagorean masonic rite 23 |
| Rite of the Benevolent Knights | - | - | Of the Holy City of Jerusalem 5 |
| Brothers of the Rose-Croix | - | - | 24 |
| Brotherhood of Moravian brothers | - | 1739 | Order of the mustard seed24 |
| English Conclave of Templar-Kadosh Rite | - | - | 5 |
| Primitive Scottish Rite (Marchet) | 33 | - | From Advocate Marchet de Nivelles 5 |
| Rite of Reformed Scots | - | 1766 | By Tschoudy25 |
| Rite of Reformed Scots of Saint-Martin | 7 | - | 26 |
| Egyptian Rite (Cagliostro) | - | 1782 | 5 |
| Rite of Elect Cőens | 9 | 1754 | Martinez Paschalis 12 |
| Rite of the Elect of the Truth | 14 | 1779 | Three classes 5 |
| Eons Rite | - | - | Zoroastrian Masonry5 |
| Rite of the Knights of the Polar Star | - | - | 5 |
| Fessler Rite | 9 | 1797 | 27 |
| Rite of the Brothers | - | - | 5 |
| Order of Palladium | - | 17375 | subject of the Taxil hoax 28 |
| Rite of the Black Brothers | - | - | 5 |
| Rite of the perfect Egyptian initiates | 7 | - | Lyon France, Crota-Repoa23 |
| Rite of Universal Harmony | - | 1782 | 5 |
| Rite of the Grand Lodge of the Three Globes | 17 | 1740 | Berlin23 |
| Zinnendorf Rite | 7 | 1770 | 23 |
| Heredom Rite | 25 | 1758 | Also known as Perfection5 |
| Rite of the Invisibles | - | - | 5 |
| Rose Croix Rectified of Schroeder | 7 | 1766 | 12 |
| Hermetic Rite of Avignon | - | - | - |
| Rite of Liberty | - | 1740 | Founded in Paris5 |
| Rite of the Decorated Masters | - | - | Strict Observance5 |
| French Noahides Rite | - | - | Napoleonic Masonry5 |
| Rite of the Templar Orient | - | - | 5 |
| Haitian rite | 3 | - | Blue Lodge23 |
| Rite of the Land of Palestine | - | - | 5 |
| Pernetty Rite | - | 1760 | Also known as Enlightened of Avignon5 |
| Persian Philosophical Rite | 7 | - | 12 |
| Philalethes Rite | 12 | 1773 | Seekers of Truth |
| Rite Primitif de Narbonne | 3 | 1779 | Rite of the Primitive Philadelphians |
| Schroepffer Rite | - | - | Magic, evocations |
| Sophisians Rite | 7 | 1801 | - |
| Rite of Swedenborg | 8 | 1721 | Illuminated of Stockholm |
| Rite de la Vieille Bru | 9 | 1748 | Faithful Scotchman from Toulouse |
| Rite of the Disciples of Hermes | - | - | - |
| Manichaean Brothers Rite | - | - | - |
| Pantheists Rite | - | - | Also known as Socratic Lodge |
| Rite of the Knights of the Pure Truth | - | - | 5 |
| Xerophagists Rite | - | - | - |
| Rite of the Illuminated Zodiac | - | - | 5 |
Masonic Orders
| Order Name | Year Established | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ordre Initiatique et Traditionnel de l'Art Royal29 | 1973 | Still active in 2024, Traditionalist Order, Practices the Rite Opératif de Salomon |
| Order of the Apocalypse | - | - |
| Order of Noachites | 1757 | M. de St. Gelaire |
| Knight of the Holy City Order | - | - |
| Architects of Africa | - | Also known as African Brotherhood or Chaos Order |
| Order of the Eagles and the Sun | - | - |
| Assanites Order | - | The Old Man of the Mountain |
| Order of Cuchiara | 1512 | Italy, also known as Trowel Order |
| Bonze Order | - | - |
| Cauldron Order | 1512 | Italy |
| Charles XIII Order | - | Bernadotte, King of Sweden |
| Knights of Asia Order | - | Initiated Brothers in 5 degrees |
| Scandinavian Order | - | - |
| Adepts Order | - | - |
| Knights of the Desert Order | - | - |
| Diamond Order | 17th century | Invulnerable Knights |
| Awakened Order | 18th century | - |
| Moravian Brothers Order | - | The Mustard Seed |
| Grand Duke Order | - | - |
| Lanturlus Order | 1771 | Instituted by Marquis de Croismarc |
| Hassanites Order | - | The Old Man of the Mountain |
| Illustrious Neapolitan Grand Masters Order | - | - |
| Magicians Order | 18th century | - |
| Masters of 1804 | 1804 | Political masonic Order |
| Palladium Order | 18th century | Sovereign Council of Wisdom |
| Perfect Initiates of Asia Order | - | - |
| Unknown Philosophers Order | - | In 2 points |
| Sacred Sophisiros Order | - | - |
| Saint-Joachim Order | 1760 | Christian Freemasonry |
| Seven Sages Order | 17th century | Companions of Ulysses |
| Tobacological Order | 18th century | Also known as Prizers |
Masonic Academies
| Academy Name | Degrees | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Academy of the Rose | 4 | - | - |
| Russian-Swedish | - | - | Alchemical Masonry of Schroder |
| Academy of the Ancients | - | Warsaw | Also known as Academy of Secrets |
| Academy Areopagite | - | - | Of the Knights Kadosch |
| Academy of the Sublime Masters | - | - | Of the Luminous Ring |
| Academy of the True Masons | 6 | Paris | Established 1861 |
Diffusion of Rites (Blue Lodge level)
Europe
France
| Grand Lodge | Type | Rites Practiced | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Orient de France (GODF) | Oldest and largest French Grand Lodge |
|
- |
| Grande Loge de France (GLDF) | Second largest Grand Lodge |
|
- |
| Grande Loge Nationale Française (GLNF) | Third largest, only one in regularity with U.G.L.E. |
|
- |
Italy
| Grand Lodge | Type | Rites Practiced | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grande Oriente d'Italia (GOI) | Oldest and largest Italian Grand Lodge |
|
- |
| Gran Loggia Regolare d'Italia (GLRI) | - |
|
- |
| Serenissima Gran Loggia d'Italia (SGLI) | - |
|
- |
| Gran Loggia d'Italia degli ALAM (GLdI) | - |
|
- |
North America
United States
| State/Region | Grand Lodge | Blue Lodge Rites Practiced | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| General | Grand College of Rites | N/A | Focuses on collection and publication of texts from defunct masonic degrees and quasi-Masonic rituals. |
| Alabama | Grand Lodge of Alabama | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Alaska | Grand Lodge of Alaska | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Arizona | Grand Lodge of Arizona | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Arkansas | Grand Lodge of Arkansas | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| California | Grand Lodge of California |
|
Multiple ritual jurisdiction |
| Colorado | Grand Lodge of Colorado | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Connecticut | Grand Lodge of Connecticut | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Delaware | Grand Lodge of Delaware | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| District of Columbia | GLDC |
|
Most diverse ritual jurisdiction in the US |
| Florida | Grand Lodge of Florida | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Georgia | Grand Lodge of Georgia | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Hawaii | Grand Lodge of Hawaii |
|
Multiple ritual jurisdiction |
| Idaho | Grand Lodge of Idaho | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Illinois | Grand Lodge of Illinois | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Indiana | Grand Lodge of Indiana |
|
Multiple ritual jurisdiction |
| Iowa | Grand Lodge of Iowa | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Kansas | Grand Lodge of Kansas | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Kentucky | Grand Lodge of Kentucky | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Louisiana | Grand Lodge of Louisiana |
|
Multiple ritual jurisdiction |
| Maine | Grand Lodge of Maine | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Maryland | Grand Lodge of Maryland | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Massachusetts | Grand Lodge of Massachusetts | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Michigan | Grand Lodge of Michigan | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Minnesota | Grand Lodge of Minnesota | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Mississippi | Grand Lodge of Mississippi | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Missouri | Grand Lodge of Missouri | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Montana | Grand Lodge of Montana | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Nebraska | Grand Lodge of Nebraska | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Nevada | Grand Lodge of Nevada | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| New Hampshire | Grand Lodge of New Hampshire | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| New Jersey | Grand Lodge of New Jersey | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| New Mexico | Grand Lodge of New Mexico | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| New York | Grand Lodge of New York |
|
Multiple ritual jurisdiction |
| North Carolina | Grand Lodge of North Carolina | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| North Dakota | Grand Lodge of North Dakota | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Ohio | Grand Lodge of Ohio |
|
Goose and Gridiron Lodge No.1717 with special dispensation |
| Oklahoma | Grand Lodge of Oklahoma | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Oregon | Grand Lodge of Oregon | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Pennsylvania | Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania Rite | Unique version of the Ancient Ritual only practiced in Pennsylvania |
| Rhode Island | Grand Lodge of Rhode Island | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| South Carolina | Grand Lodge of South Carolina | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| South Dakota | Grand Lodge of South Dakota | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Tennessee | Grand Lodge of Tennessee | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Texas | Grand Lodge of Texas | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Utah | Grand Lodge of Utah | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Vermont | Grand Lodge of Vermont | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Virginia | Grand Lodge of Virginia | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Washington | Grand Lodge of Washington | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| West Virginia | Grand Lodge of West Virginia | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
| Wisconsin | Grand Lodge of Wisconsin |
|
Multiple ritual jurisdiction |
| Wyoming | Grand Lodge of Wyoming | York Rite (Preston/Webb) | Single ritual jurisdiction |
Color Key:
- Red background indicates Single Ritual Jurisdiction
- Green background indicates Multiple Ritual Jurisdiction
Notes:
- All jurisdictions allow AASR and York Rite as upper degrees after the Blue Lodge level
- The Pennsylvania Rite is a unique variation of the Ancient Ritual
- The District of Columbia has the most diverse selection of approved rituals
- Special dispensations may exist in certain jurisdictions for specific lodges
Masonic Rite Origins
| Rite Name | Origin Location | Year Established | Original Purpose/Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite | Charleston, South Carolina | 1801 | Evolved from Rite of Perfection |
| Rite of Memphis | France | - | Oriental and Egyptian traditions |
| Swedish Rite | Sweden | - | Christian-oriented Masonry |
| York Rite | England | - | Based on English craft traditions |
| French Rite | France | 1786 | Modern French Masonry |
| Philosophical French Rite | France | 1969-2002 | Developed within Tolérance lodge |
| Pennsylvania Rite | Pennsylvania, USA | - | Derived from Ancient Grand Lodge of England |
A key feature that distinguishes these rites is their relationship with the blue lodge degrees. Some rites incorporate these degrees directly, while others require them as prerequisites. The diversity of rites reflects the rich historical development of Freemasonry across different cultures and regions.
Authority and Control
Most Masonic rites operate under a dual control structure:
- First three degrees are typically under the control of Grand Lodges
- Upper degrees are usually managed by concordant bodies
See also
See also
References
References
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