Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 12, 2026

List of Soviet microprocessors

Both microcontrollers and microprocessors from the Soviet Union are listed here. Newer devices from Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine are listed here if they are labelled according to the Soviet integrated circuit designation.

Last revised
Jun 12, 2026
Read time
≈ 11 min
Length
2,614 w
Citations
434
Source

Both microcontrollers and microprocessors (including bit-slice processors and DSPs) from the Soviet Union are listed here. Newer devices from Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine are listed here if they are labelled according to the Soviet integrated circuit designation.

Soviet series Western equivalent Word size (bit) Technology Type Instruction set Remarks
145 CMOS,1 PMOS, other controller К145 is a combined series with different IC technology and purpose К145ИК18072314
532 4n CMOS bit-slice Elektronika NC series later renamed to 5875
536 8n PMOS bit-slice Elektronika S5 К536ИК95678
580 Intel 8080 8 NMOS processor КР580ВМ80А35469101112
581 Western Digital MCP-1600 16 NMOS processor PDP-11 КР581ИК13461011
582 Texas Instruments SBP0400 4n I²L bit-slice КР582ИК1511
583 8n I²L bit-slice К583ВС1А35411
584 Texas Instruments SBP0400 4n I²L bit-slice К584ВМ154611
585 Intel 3000 2n Schottky TTL bit-slice К585ИК02111314
586 16 NMOS processor Elektronika S5 (Электроника C5) К586ВЕ1368111315
587 4n CMOS bit-slice Elektronika NC (Электроника НЦ) КР587ИК15461113
588 16 CMOS processor PDP-11 КР588ВС2А354691112131617
589 Intel 3000 2n Schottky TTL bit-slice К589ИК02346101113
602 MCS 65C02 8 CMOS processor К602ВМ118
1005 Panasonic MN1405 4 NMOS controller КР1005ВЕ119
1011 PMOS controller К1011ВГ10123
1013 16 CMOS processor PDP-11 КА1013ВМ119
1582 Zilog Z84C00 8 CMOS processor КМ1582ВМ25
1800 Motorola MC10800 4n ECL bit-slice К1800ВC135469101220
1801 16 NMOS controller Elektronika NC К1801ВЕ12021
16 NMOS processor PDP-11 1801BMx3569122022
1802 8n Schottky TTL bit-slice КР1802ВС135691213142022
1803 4 PMOS controller КР1803ВЕ120
1804 AMD Am2900 4n Schottky TTL bit-slice КР1804ВС1369101213202223
1805 4n CMOS bit-slice КБ1805ВС1-1320
1806 4 CMOS controller КР1806ВЕ13520
1806 16 CMOS processor PDP-11 1806ВМ235132024
1807 DEC T-11 16 NMOS processor PDP-11 КР1807ВМ131020
DEC MicroVAX 32 NMOS processor VAX КЛ1807ВМ3351020
1808 8 I²L controller КА1808ВМ132022
1810 Intel 8086 16 NMOS processor x86 К1810ВМ86356910122022
Intel 8088 16 NMOS processor x86 К1810ВМ88
1811 DEC F-11 16 NMOS processor PDP-11 КН1811ВМ1351012202225
1813 Intel 2920 24 NMOS DSP КМ1813ВЕ1А2310122022
1814 Texas Instruments TMS1000 4 PMOS controller КР1814ВЕ22359102022
1815 16 I²L DSP К1815ИА1326
1816 Intel 8048 8 NMOS controller MCS-48 КМ1816ВЕ48235910122226
Intel 8051 8 NMOS controller MCS-51 КР1816ВЕ5135101226
1817 8n Schottky TTL bit-slice 1817ВС11А35
1818 Signetics 8X300 8 Schottky TTL processor КМ1818ВМ01326
1819 4n CMOS bit-slice 1819ИК2313
1820 National Semiconductor COP400 4 NMOS controller КР1820ВЕ1239102617
CMOS controller КР1820ВЕ317
1821 Intel 80C85 8 CMOS processor ИМ1821ВМ85А3101213262728
1822 8n bit-slice 1822ВС13
1824 16 CMOS processor PDP-11 1824ВС2135
1825 16 / 32 CMOS processor Б1825ВС1-2351324293031
1826 8 CMOS processor 1826ВМ1А3
1827 16 NMOS controller Elektronika S5 К1827ВЕ1351326
16 NMOS DSP КМ1827ВЕ33121326
1829 NEC μPD7500 4 CMOS controller КА1829ВМ1326
1830 Intel 80C48 8 CMOS controller MCS-48 КР1830ВЕ48351026
Intel 80C51 8 CMOS controller MCS-51 КМ1830ВЕ751351013242632
1831 DEC J-11 16 CMOS processor PDP-11 КН1831ВМ1351026
1832 16 Schottky TTL DSP КН1832ИА13526
1833 6 CMOS controller КР1833ВЕ13526
1834 Intel 80C86 16 CMOS processor x86 КР1834ВМ86351026
1835 16 CMOS controller КФ1835ВЕ3333
Intel 80C48 8 CMOS controller MCS-48 КР1835ВЕ4932634
Intel 80C51 8 CMOS controller MCS-51 КР1835ВЕ51326
Intel 80C86 16 CMOS processor x86 КР1835ВМ8632635
1836 16 CMOS processor PDP-11 Н1836ВМ3513
1838 AMD Am29500 8n Schottky TTL bit-slice 1838ВС135
1839 32 CMOS processor VAX Л1839ВМ135132636
1843 AMD Am29C300 32 CMOS processor КА1843ВС131226
1845 32 CMOS processor КА1845ВС1326
1847 Intel 80C286 16 CMOS processor x86 КР1847ВМ28631026
1850 Intel 8048 8 NMOS controller MCS-48 КР1850ВЕ4835102637
1851 8 CMOS controller 1851ВЕ51У24
1858 Zilog Z80 8 NMOS processor КР1858ВМ1351026
Zilog Z84C00 8 CMOS processor КР1858ВМ3351038
1865 16 CMOS processor К1865ВМ112
1867 Texas Instruments TMS320 16 / 32 CMOS DSP Л1867ВМ23513242632
1868 Panasonic MN1500 4 CMOS controller КЛ1868ВЕ13526
1869 Mitsubishi M50959 8 CMOS controller КФ1869ВЕ12639
4 CMOS controller КФ1869ВЕ232640
1871 4 CMOS controller КН1871ВЕ132641
1874 Intel 80C196 16 CMOS controller MCS-96 Л1874ВЕ36513242632
1875 Intel 80C186 16 CMOS processor x86 1875ВД1Т24
Intel 80386EXTB 32 CMOS processor x86 1875ВД2Т1342
1876 MIPS R3000 32 CMOS processor MIPS Л1876ВМ13513434445
1878 8 CMOS controller Theseus КР1878ВЕ13242646
1879 32 CMOS DSP 1879ВМ1132447
32 CMOS processor + DSP ARM 1879ВЯ1Я47
1880 Intel 80C51 8 CMOS controller MCS-51 1880ВЕ51Р3131624
1881 16 CMOS controller 1881ВЕ2Т131624
1882 8 CMOS controller MCS-51 1882ВЕ53У132432
1883 ZMD U830C 8n NMOS bit-slice PDP-11 U830C56
1886 Microchip PIC17C756A 8 CMOS controller PIC17 К1886ВЕ2У513244849
1887 Infineon C166 16 CMOS controller C166 1887ВЕ3Т132432
Atmel ATmega 8 CMOS controller AVR 1887ВЕ4У132432
1888 32 CMOS controller + DSP ARM К1888ВС01847
32 CMOS processor + DSP PowerPC 1888ТХ01847
1890 32 CMOS processor MIPS 1890ВМ1Т5132450
1890 64 CMOS processor MIPS 1890ВМ5Ф5132450
1891 32 CMOS processor SPARC 1891ВМ3132451
1891 CMOS processor Elbrus 2000 1891ВМ4Я132451
1892 32 CMOS processor + DSP MIPS 1892ВМ2Я132452
32 CMOS processor + DSP ARM 1892ВМ14Я52
1894 16 CMOS controller TF-16 К1894ВГ1Т1324535455
1899 32 CMOS processor 1899ВМ1Т1324
1900 32 CMOS processor MIPS 1900ВМ2Т132450
1901 Texas Instruments TMS320 32 / 16 controller + DSP ARM 1901ВЦ1Т4856
1902 CMOS DSP 1902ВЦ1Я13
1903 Texas Instruments MSP430F149 16 controller MSP 430 1903ВЕ91Т5758
1904 32 CMOS controller MIPS 1904ВЕ1Т243159
1905 controller К1905ВМ1Я60
1906 LEON4 32 CMOS processor SPARC 1906BМ0162432
1907 32 CMOS processor MIPS 1907ВМ0142450
1907 64 CMOS processor MIPS 1907ВМ0282450
1910 Texas Instruments TMS320C546 16 CMOS DSP 1910ВМ1Т243159
1913 16 CMOS controller TF-16 1913ВА0155561
1914 32 CMOS processor ARM 1914ВМ0143159
1917 32 controller ARM К1917ВА01462
1921 32 CMOS controller ARM К1921ВК01Т32
32 controller RISC-V 1921ВК04863
1923 32 controller ARM 1923ВК01448
1931 32 CMOS controller RISC-V 1931ВА01814
1938 32 controller KVARC 1938ВМ01414
1946 32 CMOS controller ARM К1946ВК02832
1948 32 controller RISC-V К1948ВК01864
1967 Texas Instruments TMS320C546 16 CMOS DSP 1967ВЦ1Т1324
Analog Devices TigerSHARC 32 CMOS DSP 1967ВЦ3Т244865
1986 32 CMOS controller ARM 1986ВЕ9х1324486667
1990 32 CMOS processor MIPS 1990ВМ2Т1324
1990 64 CMOS processor MIPS 1990ВМ3Т132450
5001 32 CMOS controller ARM КА5001ВК1А68
5004 8 CMOS controller Theseus КБ5004ВЕ1266970
5023 32 CMOS controller ARM 5023ВС0162470
5400 8 CMOS controller MCS-51 5400ВК0157172
32 CMOS controller RISC-V 5400ТР19472
5500 64 CMOS processor MIPS К5500ВК01850
5510 32 CMOS controller RISC-V 5510ТС01814
5512 32 CMOS controller KVARC К5512БП1Ф7374
32 CMOS controller MIPS К5512БП2Ф74
5534 16 CMOS controller MSP 430 5534ТХ01475
5539 32 CMOS controller KVARC 5539ТР01676
5550 8 controller 5550ХТ01514
5701 Intel 80C51 8 CMOS controller MCS-51 УМ5701ВЕ5177
5890 32 CMOS processor MIPS 5890ВЕ1Т132450
References

References

  1. "145 серия - Музей электронных раритетов".
  2. Варламов, И.В. (1989). Микропроцессоры в бытовой технике (in Russian). Радио и связь. ISBN 5256004794.
  3. Козак, Виктор Романович (24 May 2014). "Номенклатура и аналоги отечественных микросхем". www.inp.nsk.su (in Russian). Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  4. Шахнова, В. А. (1988). Микропроцессоры и микропроцессорные комплекты интегральных микросхем: Справочник. В 2-х т. Том 1 [Microprocessors and microprocessor chip sets: A reference. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1] (in Russian). Moscow: Радио и связь. ISBN 5-256-00371-2. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  5. "Активные элементы". www.155la3.ru (in Russian). Музей электронных раритетов. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  6. Нестеров, П. В. (1986). Микропроцессоры. В 3-х книгах. Книга 1. Архитектура и проектирование микро-ЭВМ. Организация вычислительных процессов [Microprocessors. In 3 volumes. Volume 1. Architecture and design of microcomputers. Organization of computing processes.] (in Russian). Moscow: ВЫСШАЯ ШКОЛА.
  7. Нефедов, А.В. (2001). Интегральные микросхемы и их зарубежные аналоги. Том 04. Серии К507-К543 [Integrated circuits and their foreign equivalents. Volume 04. Series K507-K543.] (in Russian). Moscow: ИП РадиоСофт. ISBN 5-93037-020-6. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  8. М. П. Гальперин, В. Я. Кузнецов, Ю. А. Маслеников, В. Е. Панкин, В. П. Цветов, А. И. Боровской. (1980). Микро-ЭВМ "Электроника С5" и их применение [The microcomputer "Elektronika S5" and its application]. Массовая библиотека инженера «Электроника» (in Russian). Moscow: Советское радио.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. Ниссельсон, Л.И. (1989). Цифровые и аналоговые интегральные микросхемы (in Russian). Радио и связь. ISBN 5256002597.
  10. "Soviet microprocessors, microcontrollers, FPU chips and their western analogs". www.cpu-world.com. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  11. Нефедов, А.В. (2002). Интегральные микросхемы и их зарубежные аналоги. Том 06. Серии К565-К599 [Integrated circuits and their foreign equivalents. Volume 06. Series K565-K599.] (in Russian). Moscow: ИП РадиоСофт. ISBN 5-93037-039-7. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  12. Титов М.А., Веревкин А.Ю., Валерьянов В.И. (1994). Изделия электронной техники. Микропроцессоры и однокристальные микроЭВМ [Electronic products. Microprocessors and single-chip microcomputers] (in Russian). Moscow: Радио и связь. ISBN 5-256-01144-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. "Микросхемы вычислительных средств, включая микропроцессоры, микроЭВМ, цифровые процессоры обработки сигналов и контроллеры" [Integrated circuits for computing devices, including microprocessors, microcomputers, digital signal processors, and controllers]. promvpk.ru (in Russian). Promelektronika VPK. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  14. "Микросхемы ПАО Микрон 2020" [Integrated Circuits PAO Mikron 2020] (PDF) (in Russian). Mikron. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
  15. "К586ВЕ1" [K586VE1] (PDF). silirium.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  16. "Микропроцессоры и микроконтроллеры Серии 1880; 1881; 1842; 588" [Microprocessor and Microcontroller Series 1880; 1881; 1842; 588] (in Russian). Minsk: OAO "Integral". Retrieved 29 May 2026.
  17. "Руководства" [Manuals]. transistor.by (in Russian). Minsk: "Transistor" branch of OAO "Integral". Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  18. "Музей электронных раритетов - Актив - 4.К602ВМ1".
  19. Нефедов, А.В. (2000). Интегральные микросхемы и их зарубежные аналоги. Том 07. Серии К700-К1043 [Integrated circuits and their foreign equivalents. Volume 07. Series K700-K1043.] (in Russian). Moscow: ИП РадиоСофт. ISBN 5-93037-003-6. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  20. Нефедов, А.В. (2001). Интегральные микросхемы и их зарубежные аналоги. Том 11. Серии К1564-К1814 [Integrated circuits and their foreign equivalents. Volume 11. Series K1564-K1814.] (in Russian). Moscow: ИП РадиоСофт. ISBN 5-93037-049-4. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  21. "К1801ВЕ1 Однокристальная микро-ЭВМ" [Single-chip microcontroller K1801VE1] (PDF). ic-info.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  22. Шахнова, В. А. (1988). Микропроцессоры и микропроцессорные комплекты интегральных микросхем: Справочник. В 2-х т. Том 2 [Microprocessors and microprocessor chip sets: A reference. In 2 volumes. Vol. 2] (in Russian). Moscow: Радио и связь. ISBN 5-256-00373-9. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  23. "Каталог изделий 2021" [Product catalog 2021] (PDF) (in Russian). Voronezh: OAO "VZPP-S". Retrieved 30 September 2022.
  24. "Изделия отечественного производства" [Domestic products]. spels.ru (in Russian). Moscow: AO "ENPO SPELS". Retrieved 1 September 2016.
  25. "The Electronika MK1 red3 PDP-11 Chipset and Tetris". cpushack.com. 6 September 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  26. Нефедов, А.В. (2001). Интегральные микросхемы и их зарубежные аналоги. Том 12. Серии К1815-К6501 [Integrated circuits and their foreign equivalents. Volume 12. Series K1815-K6501.] (in Russian). Moscow: ИП РадиоСофт. ISBN 5-93037-053-2. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
  27. "Микропроцессорный комплект М1821" [Microprocessor system M1821]. nzpp.ru (in Russian). Novosibirsk: AO NZPP. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  28. "The Soviet CMOS 8085 CPU: 1821VM85A". cpushack.com. 24 August 2022. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  29. "Продукция" [Products]. sapfir.ru (in Russian). Moscow: PAO NPP "Sapfir". Retrieved 31 May 2016.
  30. "Спецстойкие КМОП КНС СБИС Каталог 2016" [Hardened silicon-on-sapphire CMOS VLSI catalog 2016] (PDF) (in Russian). Zelenograd: Angstrem. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  31. "Микропроцессоры и микроконтроллеры" [Microprocessors and microcontrollers]. mvc-nn.ru (in Russian). Nizhny Novgorod: MVC. 2014. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  32. "Интегральные микросхемы" [Integrated circuits]. niiet.ru (in Russian). Voronezh: OAO "NIIET". Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  33. "КФ1835ВЕ3 – универсальный 16-разрядный микроконтроллер". Радиолюбитель (in Russian). July 1998. pp. 41–43. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  34. "МикроЭВМ КА/КР1835ВЕ39(49)". Радиолюбитель (in Russian). May 1993. p. 47. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  35. "Микропроцессор КР1835ВМ86". Радиолюбитель (in Russian). May 1993. p. 46. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
  36. "32-разрядный VAX-11/750-совместимый микропроцессорный комплект" [32-bit VAX-11/750-compatible microprocessor series] (in Russian). Zelenograd: Angstrem. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  37. "Микроконтроллеры" [Microcontrollers]. nzpp.ru (in Russian). Novosibirsk: AO NZPP. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
  38. "КР1858ВМ3" [KR1858VM3]. transistor.by (in Russian). Minsk: "Transistor" branch of OAO "Integral". Archived from the original on 27 March 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  39. "Микросхема КФ1869ВЕ1" [The integrated circuit KF1869VE1]. Радиолюбитель (in Russian). November 1994. pp. 46–48. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  40. "Универсальная 4-разрядная микро-ЭВМ КФ1869ВЕ2 для бытовой аппаратуры". Радиолюбитель (in Russian). July 1994. pp. 46–47. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  41. "КН1871ВЕ1" [KN1871VE1] (PDF). chipfind.ru (in Russian). Zelenograd: Angstrem. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  42. "Каталог продукции" [Product catalog]. svetpol.ru (in Russian). Saint Petersburg: ZAO Svetlana Semiconductors. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  43. "Л1876" [L1876] (PDF). chipfind.ru (in Russian). Zelenograd: Angstrem. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  44. "32-разрядный RISC микропроцессорный комплект" [32-bit microprocessor family]. angstrem.ru (in Russian). Zelenograd: Angstrem. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  45. "Разработка микропроцессоров" [Microprocessor development]. niisi.ru (in Russian). Moscow: NIISI. Archived from the original on 21 February 2001. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
  46. "8-разрядный микроконтроллер с архитектурой Тесей" [8-bit microcontroller architecture Theseus] (in Russian). Zelenograd: Angstrem. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  47. "Микроэлектроника" [Microelectronics] (in Russian). NTC Module. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  48. "Каталог продукции группы компаний "Миландр" 2017" [Product catalog of the Milandr Group 2017] (PDF). milandr.ru (in Russian). Moscow: PKK Milandr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2019.
  49. "Milandr K1886VE: The PIC That Went to Russia". cpushack.com. 10 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
  50. "Разработка СБИС - Развитие микропроцессоров с архитектурой КОМДИВ" [VLSI development - Development of microprocessors using the KOMDIV architecture]. niisi.ru (in Russian). Moscow: NIISI. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  51. "Микропроцессоры и СБИС" [Microprocessors and VLSI] (in Russian). Moscow: MCST. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  52. "Микросхемы" [Integrated circuits] (in Russian). Zelenograd: Elvees Multicore. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  53. "Микроконтроллеры" [Microcontrollers]. zntc.ru (in Russian). Zelenograd: ZNTC. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  54. "16-bit Microcontrollers". www.idm-plus.ru. Zelenograd: IDM-PLUS. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  55. "Российская технологическая платформа МЕМС, разработка и производство СБИС для интеллектуальных датчиков" [A Russian MEMS technology platform; development and production of VLSI IC for intelligent sensors] (PDF). mes-conference.ru (in Russian). Zelenograd: ZNTC. 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  56. "Двухъядерный микроконтроллер компании "Миландр" для высоконадёжных применений" [Dual-core microcontroller from Company "Milandr" for high-reliability applications] (PDF). milandr.ru (in Russian). Moscow: PKK Milandr. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  57. "1903ВЕ91Т НИИЭТ 16-разрядные микроконтроллер" [16-bit microcontroller 1903VE91T from NIIET] (in Russian). Catalog Tomsk. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  58. "Новые разработки ИМС" [Newly developed ICs]. niiet.ru (in Russian). Voronesh: NIIET. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  59. "Радиационно стойкие процессоры" [Radiation-resistant processors] (in Russian). Nizhny Novgorod: NIIIS. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  60. "GLONASS module Geos-3 : Weekend die-shot". zeptobars.com. Zeptobars. 24 March 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  61. "IDM+". www.idm-plus.ru. Zelenograd: IDM-PLUS. Archived from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  62. "СБИС К1917ВА014" [VLSI K1917VA014]. mri-progress.ru (in Russian). Moscow: Progress. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  63. "КАТАЛОГ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫЕ МИКРОСХЕМЫ" [Catalog of integrated circuits] (PDF) (in Russian). Voronezh: OAO "NIIET". 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  64. "Первый российский RISC-V микроконтроллер MIK32 АМУР" [The first Russian RISC-V microcontroller MIK32 Amur] (in Russian). Moscow: Mikron. Retrieved 2026-01-20.
  65. "Микросхема процессора цифровой обработки сигналов с ОЗУ 12 Мбит и тактовой частотой 300 МГц 1967ВЦ3Т" [Digital signal processor with 12 MBit RAM and 300 MHz clock 1967VTs3T] (PDF). milandr.ru (in Russian). Moscow: PKK Milandr. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
  66. "Микросхема 32-разрядного однокристального микро-ЭВМ с памятью Flash-типа 1986ВЕ9ху" [32-bit single-chip microcomputer with Flash memory 1986VE9xy] (PDF). terraelectronica.ru (in Russian). Moscow: PKK Milandr. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  67. "Milandr K1986VE91T – The ARM of Russia". cpushack.com. 19 February 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  68. "МИКРОСХЕМА ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ КА5001ВК1А - Руководство пользователя" [Integrated circuit KA5001VK1A - User's manual] (PDF) (in Russian). Voronezh: OAO "NIIET". Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  69. "КБ5004ВЕ1 Микроконтроллер интеллектуальной карты" [Microcontroller for intelligent cards KB5004VE1] (in Russian). Zelenograd: Angstrem. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  70. "Каталог продукции" [Product catalog] (PDF) (in Russian). Zelenograd: Angstrem. 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
  71. "Микроконтроллеры" [Microcontrollers] (in Russian). Zelenograd: AO Design Centre Soyuz. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  72. "Каталог продукции 2021" [Product catalog 2021] (PDF) (in Russian). Zelenograd: AO Design Centre Soyuz. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  73. "KVARC 32bit MPU with Android KitKat and Linux". km211.com. Zelenograd: KM211. Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  74. Yu. Zavalin (2015). "ПОЛУЗАКАЗНЫЕ СнК – ОСНОВА МЕЛКОСЕРИЙНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СБИС СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ" [Semi-custom SoC for the production of small-volume VLSI for special applications] (PDF). Electronics ЭЛЕКТРОНИКА (in Russian). No. 9. Technosphera. ISSN 1992-4178. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  75. "ОСВАИВАЕМЫЕ МИКРОСХЕМЫ" [Integrated circuits to be developed]. sktbes.com (in Russian). Voronesh: SKTB ES. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  76. "5539ТР026 и 5539ТР016" [5539TR026 and 5539TR016] (in Russian). Progress. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  77. "Однокристальные микро-эвм" [Single-chip microcomputers]. krystall.net.ua (in Russian). Kiev: Kristall. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
See also

See also