List of Soviet computer systems

This is the list of Soviet computer systems. The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

The Russian abbreviation EVM (ЭВМ), present in some of the names below, means "electronic computing machine" (Russian: электронная вычислительная машина).

Computer systems from the Ministry of Radio Technology:¹

• Agat (Агат) — Apple II clone
• ES EVM (ЕС ЭВМ), IBM mainframe clone
• ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ), IBM PC compatible
• M series — series of mainframes and mini-computers
• Minsk (Минск)
• Poisk (Поиск) — IBM PC-XT clone
• Setun (Сетунь) — unique balanced ternary computer.
• Strela (Стрела)
• Ural (Урал) — mainframe series
• Vector-06C (Вектор-06Ц)

Computer systems from the Ministry of Instrument Making:¹

• Aragats (Арагац)
• Iskra (Искра) — common name for many computers with different architecture
  • Iskra-1030 — Intel 8086 XT clone
• KVM-1 (КВМ-1)
• SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) — most models were PDP-11 clones, while some others were HP 2100, VAX or Intel compatible

Computer systems from the Ministry of Electronics Industry:¹

• Elektronika (Электроника) family
  • DVK family (ДВК) — PDP-11 clones
  • Elektronika BK-0010 (БК-0010, БК-0011) — LSI-11 clone home computer
  • UKNC (УКНЦ) — educational, PDP11-like
  • Elektronika 60, Elektronika 100
  • Elektronika 85 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 350 (F11)
  • Elektronika 85.1 — Clone of DEC Professional (computer) 380 (J11)
  • Elektronika D3-28
  • Elektronika SS BIS (Электроника СС БИС) — Cray clone

• BESM (БЭСМ) — series of mainframes
• Besta (Беста) — Unix box, Motorola 68020-based, Sun-3 clone
• Elbrus (Эльбрус) — high-end mainframe series
• Kronos (Кронос)
• MESM (МЭСМ) — first Soviet Union computer (1950)
• M-1 — one of the earliest stored program computers (1950–1951)

• ATM Turbo
• Byte
• Blic
• Dubna 48K – running at half the speed of the original
• Hobbit
• Pentagon
• Radon 'Z'
• Scorpion

• 5E** (5Э**) series – military computers
  • 5E51 (5Э51)
  • 5E53 (5Э53)
  • 5E76 (5Э76) – IBM/360 clone, military version
  • 5E92 (5Э92)
  • 5E92b (5Э92б)
• A series — ES EVM-compatible military computers
• Argon — a series of military real-time computers
• AS-6 (АС-6) – multiprocessor computing complex, name is Russian abbreviation for "Connection Equipment – 6"
• Dnepr (Днепр)
• GVS-100 (ГВС-100, Гибридная Вичислителная Система) – Hybrid Computer System
• Irisha (Ириша)
• Juku (Юку) — Estonian school computer
• Kiev (Киев)
• Korvet (Корвет)
• Krista (Криста)
• Micro-80 (Микро-80) — experimental PC, based on 8080-compatible processor
• Microsha (Микроша) — modification of Radio-86RK
• MIR, МИР (uk:ЕОМ "МИР-1", uk:ЕОМ "МИР-2")
• Nairi (Наири)
• Orion-128 (Орион-128)
• Promin (Проминь)
• PS-2000, PS-3000 – multiprocessor supercomputers in the 1980s
• Razdan (Раздан)
• Radon — real-time computer, designed for anti-aircraft defense
• Radio-86RK — simplified and modified version of Micro-80
• Sneg² (Снег)
• Specialist (Специалист)
• SVS
• TsUM-1 (ЦУМ-1)
• TIA-MC-1 An arcade system
• UM (УМ)
• UT-88
• Vesna and Sneg² — early mainframes

• For Kronos
  • Kronos³
• For BESM
  • D-68 (Д-68, Диспетчер-68, Dispatcher-68)
  • DISPAK ("Диспетчер Пакетов," Dispatcher of the Packets)
  • DUBNA ("ДУБНА")
• For ES EVM
  • DOS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM")
  • OS/ES ("Disk Operation system for ES EVM")
• For SM EVM
  • RAFOS (РАФОС), FOBOS (ФОБОС) and FODOS (ФОДОС) — RT-11 clones
  • OSRV (ОСРВ) — RSX-11M clone, one of the most popular Soviet multi-user systems
  • DEMOS — BSD-based Unix-like; later was ported to x86 and some other architectures
  • INMOS (ИНМОС, Инструментальная мобильная операционная система)
• For 8-bit microcomputers
  • MicroDOS (МикроДОС) — CP/M 2.2 clone
• For ZX Spectrum clones
  • iS-DOS, TASiS
  • DNA-OS
• For different platforms
  • MISS (Multipurpose Interactive timeSharing System) – ES EVM ES1010, ES EVM ES1045, D3-28M, PC-compatible, etc.
• MOS (operating system) – a Soviet clone of Unix in the 1980s