List of cercopithecoids

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically endangered (26 species)
EN	Endangered (49 species)
VU	Vulnerable (39 species)
NT	Near threatened (17 species)
LC	Least concern (25 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (2 species)
NE	Not evaluated (0 species)

Dusky leaf monkeys (*Trachypithecus obscurus*) source ↗

Cercopithecoidea is a superfamily of primates. Members of this family are called cercopithecoids, or Old World monkeys, and include baboons, colobuses, guenons, lutungs, macaques, and other types of monkeys. Cercopithecoidea contains only a single family, Cercopithecidae, and includes nearly half of the species in the suborder Haplorhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. Cercopithecoids are found in Asia and Africa, generally in forests, though some species can be found in shrublands, wetlands, and caves. They range in size from the Gabon talapoin, at 23 cm (9 in) plus a 31 cm (12 in) tail, to the Chacma baboon, at 115 cm (45 in) plus a 72 cm (28 in) tail. Cercopithecoids primarily eat leaves, fruit, and seeds. Most cercopithecoids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 30 mature individuals to 100,000. Forty-eight species are categorized as endangered, and a further twenty-six species are categorized as critically endangered.

The 158 extant species of Cercopithecidae are divided into two subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, containing 78 baboon, guenon, macaque, and other monkey species divided between thirteen genera, and Colobinae, containing 80 colobus, lutung, and other monkey species divided between ten genera. Dozens of extinct prehistoric cercopithecoid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.¹

Conventions

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the cercopithecoid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera, species, or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Classification

The superfamily Cercopithecoidea consists of one extant family, Cercopithecidae, which itself consists of two extant subfamilies: Cercopithecinae, containing 78 species divided into thirteen genera, and Colobinae, containing 80 species divided into ten genera.

Subfamily Cercopithecinae

Genus Allenopithecus (Allen's swamp monkey): one species
Genus Allochrocebus (terrestrial guenons): three species
Genus Cercocebus (white-eyelid mangabeys): seven species
Genus Cercopithecus (guenons): nineteen species
Genus Chlorocebus (vervet monkeys): seven species
Genus Erythrocebus (patas monkeys): three species
Genus Lophocebus (crested mangabeys): two species
Genus Macaca (macaques): twenty-four species
Genus Mandrillus (mandrills): two species
Genus Miopithecus (talapoins): two species
Genus Papio (baboons): six species
Genus Rungwecebus (kipunji): one species
Genus Theropithecus (gelada): one species

Subfamily Colobinae

Genus Colobus (black-and-white colobuses): five species
Genus Nasalis (proboscis monkey): one species
Genus Piliocolobus (red colobuses): fifteen species
Genus Presbytis (surilis): nineteen species
Genus Procolobus (olive colobus): one species
Genus Pygathrix (doucs): three species
Genus Rhinopithecus (snub-nosed monkeys): five species
Genus Semnopithecus (gray langurs): eight species
Genus Simias (pig-tailed langur): one species
Genus Trachypithecus (lutungs): twenty-one species

Cercopithecidae²

Cercopithecinae

Lophocebus

	Papio

	Rungwecebus

Theropithecus

	Mandrillus

	Cercocebus

Macaca

	Erythrocebus

	Chlorocebus

Allenopithecus

Miopithecus

	Cercopithecus

	Allochrocebus

Colobinae

Pygathrix

	Nasalis

	Simias

Rhinopithecus

	Semnopithecus

	Trachypithecus

Presbytis

	Colobus

	Piliocolobus

	Procolobus

Cercopithecoids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.³

Subfamily Cercopithecinae

Genus *Allenopithecus* – Lang, 1923 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Allen's swamp monkey	A. nigroviridis (Pocock, 1907)	Central Africa	Size: 33–51 cm (13–20 in) long, plus 35–52 cm (14–20 in) tail⁴ Habitat: Forest⁵ Diet: Fruit, leaves, and small invertebrates⁶	LC Unknown ⁵

Genus *Allochrocebus* – Elliot, 1913 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
L'Hoest's monkey	A. lhoesti P. L. Sclater, 1899	Central Africa	Size: 31–69 cm (12–27 in) long, plus 48–10 cm (19–4 in) tail⁷ Habitat: Forest⁸ Diet: Fruit, leaves, mushrooms, and invertebrates⁷	VU Unknown ⁸
Preuss's monkey	A. preussi Matschie, 1898 Two subspecies C. p. insularis (Bioko Preuss's monkey) C. p. preussi (Cameroon Preuss's monkey)	West-central Africa	Size: 45–61 cm (18–24 in) long, plus 49–69 cm (19–27 in) tail⁹ Habitat: Forest and grassland¹⁰ Diet: Fruit, seeds, shoots, leaves, buds, flowers, and mushrooms⁹	EN Unknown ¹⁰
Sun-tailed monkey	A. solatus M. J. S. Harrison, 1988	West-central Africa	Size: 45–58 cm (18–23 in) long, plus 56–76 cm (22–30 in) tail¹¹ Habitat: Forest¹² Diet: Fruit, seeds, and invertebrates¹¹	NT Unknown ¹²

Genus *Cercocebus* – Geoffroy, 1812 – seven species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Agile mangabey	C. agilis (H. Milne-Edwards, 1886)	Central Africa	Size: 44–65 cm (17–26 in) long, plus 45–79 cm (18–31 in) tail¹³ Habitat: Forest¹⁴ Diet: Fruit, seeds and shoots, as well as small vertebrates¹⁴	LC Unknown ¹⁴
Collared mangabey	C. torquatus (Kerr, 1792)	Western Africa	Size: 45–67 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 60–75 cm (24–30 in) tail¹⁵ Habitat: Forest¹⁶ Diet: Fruit and nuts, as well as stems and roots¹⁵	EN Unknown ¹⁶
Golden-bellied mangabey	C. chrysogaster Lydekker, 1900	Central Africa	Size: 40–80 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 45–100 cm (18–39 in) tail¹⁷ Habitat: Forest¹⁸ Diet: Invertebrates, fruit, seeds, and nectar¹⁷	EN Unknown ¹⁸
Sanje mangabey	C. sanjei Mittermeier, 1986	East-central Africa	Size: 50–65 cm (20–26 in) long, plus 55–65 cm (22–26 in) tail¹⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁰ Diet: Fruit, nuts, and seeds, as well as fungi, invertebrates, and plants²⁰	EN Unknown ²⁰
Sooty mangabey	C. atys (Audebert, 1797)	Western Africa	Size: 40–68 cm (16–27 in) long, plus 40–80 cm (16–31 in) tail²¹ Habitat: Forest and savanna²² Diet: Fruit and nuts, as well as swamp plants, grass, seeds, fungi, and invertebrates²¹	VU Unknown ²²
Tana River mangabey	C. galeritus Peters, 1879	Eastern Africa	Size: 44–63 cm (17–25 in) long, plus 50–68 cm (20–27 in) tail²³ Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands²⁴ Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as stems, leaves, insects, and fungi²³	CR 100–1,000 ²⁴
White-naped mangabey	C. lunulatus (Temminck, 1853)	Western Africa	Size: 52–73 cm (20–29 in) long, plus 68–74 cm (27–29 in) tail¹⁵ Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands²⁵ Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds, buds, and grass²⁶	EN Unknown ²⁵

Genus *Cercopithecus* – Linnaeus, 1758 – nineteen species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Blue monkey	C. mitis Wolf, 1822 Sixteen subspecies C. m. albogularis (Sykes' monkey) C. m. albotorquatus C. m. boutourlinii (Boutourlini's blue monkey) C. m. doggetti (silver monkey) C. m. erythrarchus C. m. heymansi (Lomami River blue monkey) C. m. kandti (golden monkey) C. m. kolbi C. m. labiatus C. m. manyaraensis C. m. mitis (Pluto monkey) C. m. moloneyi C. m. monoides C. m. opisthostictus C. m. stuhlmanni (Stuhlmann's blue monkey) C. m. zammaranoi	Sub-Saharan Africa	Size: 31–70 cm (12–28 in) long, plus 55–109 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁷ Habitat: Forest²⁸ Diet: Fruit and leaves, as well as invertebrates²⁹	LC Unknown ²⁸
Campbell's mona monkey	C. campbelli Waterhouse, 1838	Western Africa	Size: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 49–85 cm (19–33 in) tail³⁰ Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland³¹ Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds and grains, as well as birds, bird eggs, small reptiles, and insects³⁰	NT Unknown ³¹
Crested mona monkey	C. pogonias Bennett, 1833 Three subspecies C. p. grayi (Gray's crested mona) C. p. nigripes (Black-footed crested mona) C. p. pogonias (Golden-bellied crested mona)	Central Africa	Size: 34–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 48–87 cm (19–34 in) tail³² Habitat: Forest³³ Diet: Fruit and seeds, as well as leaves, flowers and insects³³	NT Unknown ³³
De Brazza's monkey	C. neglectus Schlegel, 1876	Central Africa	Size: 39–60 cm (15–24 in) long, plus 47–79 cm (19–31 in) tail³⁴ Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest³⁵ Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, mushrooms, beetles, termites, and worms³⁶	LC Unknown ³⁵
Dent's mona monkey	C. denti Thomas, 1907	Central Africa	Size: 40–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 70–90 cm (28–35 in) tail³⁷ Habitat: Forest³⁸ Diet: Fruit and arthropods, as well as flowers, caterpillars, shoots, and leaves³⁸	LC Unknown ³⁸
Diana monkey	C. diana (Linnaeus, 1758)	Western Africa	Size: 40–55 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail³⁹ Habitat: Forest⁴⁰ Diet: Fruit, flowers, leaves, insects, and other invertebrates³⁹	EN Unknown ⁴⁰
Greater spot-nosed monkey	C. nictitans (Linnaeus, 1766) Five subspecies C. n. insolitus C. n. ludio C. n. martini C. n. nictitans C. n. stampflii	Western Africa	Size: 40–57 cm (16–22 in) long, plus 56–100 cm (22–39 in) tail⁴¹ Habitat: Forest⁴² Diet: Fruits and seeds, as well as leaves and insects⁴³	NT Unknown ⁴²
Hamlyn's monkey	C. hamlyni Pocock, 1907 Two subspecies C. h. hamlyni C. h. kahuziensis	Central Africa	Size: 43–63 cm (17–25 in) long, plus 49–63 cm (19–25 in) tail⁴⁴ Habitat: Forest⁴⁵ Diet: Shoots, leaves, plants, and herbs, as well as fruit and seeds⁴⁶	VU Unknown ⁴⁵
Lesser spot-nosed monkey	C. petaurista (Schreber, 1774) Two subspecies C. p. buettikoferi C. p. petaurista	Western Africa	Size: 29–53 cm (11–21 in) long, plus 57–78 cm (22–31 in) tail⁴⁷ Habitat: Forest⁴⁸ Diet: Fruit as well as insects⁴⁷	NT Unknown ⁴⁸
Lesula	C. lomamiensis Hart et al., 2012	Central Africa	Size: 40–65 cm (16–26 in) long, plus 40–65 cm (16–26 in) tail⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest⁵⁰ Diet: Leaves, fruits and flowers⁵¹	VU Unknown ⁵⁰
Lowe's mona monkey	C. lowei Thomas, 1923	Western Africa (in green)	Size: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 54–85 cm (21–33 in) tail⁵² Habitat: Forest and savanna⁵³ Diet: Fruit and insects⁵²	VU 10,000 ⁵³
Mona monkey	C. mona (Schreber, 1774)	Western Africa	Size: 32–53 cm (13–21 in) long, plus 67–90 cm (26–35 in) tail⁵⁴ Habitat: Forest⁵⁵ Diet: Fruit, sprouts, leaves, and invertebrates⁵⁴	NT Unknown ⁵⁵
Moustached guenon	C. cephus (Linnaeus, 1758) Three subspecies C. c. cephodes C. c. cephus C. c. ngottoensis	Western Africa	Size: 44–60 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 66–99 cm (26–39 in) tail⁵⁶ Habitat: Forest⁵⁷ Diet: Fruit, as well as seeds, leaves, insects, and eggs⁵⁸	LC Unknown ⁵⁷
Red-eared guenon	C. erythrotis Waterhouse, 1838 Two subspecies C. e. camerunensis (Cameroon Red-eared Monkey) C. e. erythrotis (Bioko Red-eared Monkey)	Western Africa	Size: 36–55 cm (14–22 in) long, plus 46–77 cm (18–30 in) tail⁵⁹ Habitat: Forest⁶⁰ Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, shoots and arthropods⁶⁰	VU Unknown ⁶⁰
Red-tailed monkey	C. ascanius (Audebert, 1799) Five subspecies C. a. ascanius C. a. atrinasus C. a. katangae C. a. schmidti C. a. whitesidei	Central Africa	Size: 34–55 cm (13–22 in) long, plus 67–92 cm (26–36 in) tail⁶¹ Habitat: Forest⁶² Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, insects, flowers, buds, and tree gum⁶³	LC Unknown ⁶²
Roloway monkey	C. roloway (Schreber, 1774)	Western Africa	Size: 44–62 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 70–91 cm (28–36 in) tail⁶⁴ Habitat: Forest⁶⁵ Diet: Insects, as well as seeds, fruit, and leaves⁶⁴	CR Unknown ⁶⁵
Sclater's guenon	C. sclateri Pocock, 1904	Western Africa	Size: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 61–85 cm (24–33 in) tail⁶⁶ Habitat: Forest⁶⁷ Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, flowers and leaves⁶⁸	EN Unknown ⁶⁷
White-throated guenon	C. erythrogaster Gray, 1866 Two subspecies C. e. erythrogaster (Red-bellied guenon) C. e. pococki (Nigerian white-throated guenon)	Western Africa	Size: 38–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 58–70 cm (23–28 in) tail⁴⁷ Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands⁶⁹ Diet: Fruit⁶⁹	EN Unknown ⁶⁹
Wolf's mona monkey	C. wolfi (Meyer, 1891) Three subspecies C. w. elegans C. w. pyrogaster C. w. wolfi	Central Africa	Size: 44–52 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 69–83 cm (27–33 in) tail⁷⁰ Habitat: Forest⁷¹ Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds, and flowers⁷⁰	NT Unknown ⁷¹

Genus *Chlorocebus* – Gray, 1870 – seven species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bale Mountains vervet	C. djamdjamensis Neumann, 1902 Two subspecies C. d. djamdjamensis C. d. harennaensis	Eastern Africa	Size: 43–45 cm (17–18 in) long, plus 47–50 cm (19–20 in) tail⁷² Habitat: Forest⁷³ Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as flowers, small vertebrates, shoots, stems, and roots⁷⁴	VU Unknown ⁷³
Dryas monkey	C. dryas (Schwarz, 1932)	Central Africa	Size: 36–40 cm (14–16 in) long, plus 48–52 cm (19–20 in) tail⁷⁵ Habitat: Forest⁷⁶ Diet: Fruit, leaves, shoots, pith, seeds, insects, and mushrooms⁷⁶	EN 100–250 ⁷⁶
Green monkey	C. sabaeus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Western Africa	Size: 42–46 cm (17–18 in) long, plus 42–72 cm (17–28 in) tail⁷² Habitat: Forest and savanna⁷⁷ Diet: Fruit and leaves⁷⁸	LC Unknown ⁷⁷
Grivet	C. aethiops (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies C. a. aethiops C. a. matschiei	Eastern Africa	Size: 40–60 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 30–50 cm (12–20 in) tail⁷⁹ Habitat: Savanna and shrubland⁸⁰ Diet: Fruit, insects, and vegetable matter, as well as small mammals and birds⁷⁹	LC Unknown ⁸⁰
Malbrouck	C. cynosuros (Scopoli, 1786)	Southern Africa	Size: 34–70 cm (13–28 in) long, plus 44–79 cm (17–31 in) tail⁸¹ Habitat: Forest and savanna⁸² Diet: Fruit, as well as shoots, stems, gum, and seeds⁸¹	LC Unknown ⁸²
Tantalus monkey	C. tantalus (Ogilby, 1841) Three subspecies C. t. budgetti C. t. marrensis C. t. tantalus	Equatorial Africa	Size: 38–83 cm (15–33 in) long, plus 55–114 cm (22–45 in) tail⁸³ Habitat: Forest and savanna⁸⁴ Diet: Fruit, buds, seeds, roots, bark, and gum, as well as insects, small vertebrates and eggs⁸³	LC Unknown ⁸⁴
Vervet monkey	C. pygerythrus F. Cuvier, 1821 Five subspecies C. p. hilgerti C. p. nesiotes C. p. pygerythrus C. p. rufoviridis C. p. zavattarii	Eastern and southern Africa	Size: 42–57 cm (17–22 in) long, plus 48–75 cm (19–30 in) tail⁸³ Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and forest⁸⁵ Diet: Leaves, flowers, fruit, seeds, arthropods, and gum⁸⁶	LC Unknown ⁸⁵

Genus *Erythrocebus* – Trouessart, 1897 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Blue Nile patas monkey	E. poliophaeus Reichenbach, 1862	Eastern Africa	Size: 49–64 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 43–73 cm (17–29 in) tail⁸⁷ Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland⁸⁸ Diet: Gum and arthropods, as well as flowers, fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, and small vertebrates⁸⁷	DD Unknown ⁸⁸
Common patas monkey	E. patas (Schreber, 1775) Three subspecies E. p. patas E. p. pyrrhonotus E. p. villiersi	Equatorial Africa	Size: 50–70 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 50–70 cm (20–28 in) tail⁸⁹ Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland⁹⁰ Diet: Fruit and insects, as well as leaves, roots, and bird eggs⁸⁹	NT Unknown ⁹⁰
Southern patas monkey	E. baumstarki Matschie, 1905	Eastern Africa	Size: 49–64 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 43–73 cm (17–29 in) tail⁸⁷ Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland⁹¹ Diet: Gum and arthropods, as well as flowers, fruit, seeds, leaves, stems, roots, and small vertebrates⁸⁷	CR 100 ⁹¹

Genus *Lophocebus* – Palmer, 1903 – two species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black crested mangabey	L. aterrimus (Oudemans, 1890) Two subspecies L. a. aterrimus L. a. opdenboschi	Central Africa	Size: 45–65 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 80–85 cm (31–33 in) tail⁹² Habitat: Forest⁹³ Diet: Fruit⁹²	VU Unknown ⁹³
Grey-cheeked mangabey	L. albigena (Gray, 1850) Four subspecies L. a. albigena L. a. johnstoni L. a. osmani L. a. ugandae	Central Africa	Size: 44–75 cm (17–30 in) long, plus 57–94 cm (22–37 in) tail⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest⁹⁵ Diet: Fruit and seeds⁹⁵	VU Unknown ⁹⁵

Genus *Macaca* – Lacépède, 1799 – 24 species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Toque macaque	M. sinica (Linnaeus, 1771) Three subspecies M. s. aurifrons (Pale-fronted toque macaque) M. s. opisthomelas (Highland toque macaque) M. s. sinica (Common toque macaque)	Sri Lanka	Size: 36–53 cm (14–21 in) long, plus at least 36–53 cm (14–21 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest⁹⁷ Diet: Fruit as well as tree flowers, buds, and leaves⁹⁸	EN Unknown ⁹⁷
Arunachal macaque	M. munzala Sinha, Datta, Madhusudan, Mishra, 2005	Eastern Himalayas	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest⁹⁹ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	EN 250 ⁹⁹
Assam macaque	M. assamensis McClelland, 1840 Two subspecies M. a. assamensis (Eastern Assamese macaque) M. a. pelops (Western Assamese macaque)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹⁰⁰ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	NT Unknown ¹⁰⁰
Barbary macaque	M. sylvanus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Northwestern Africa	Size: 45–60 cm (18–24 in) long, plus 1–2 cm (0–1 in) tail¹⁰¹ Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and caves¹⁰² Diet: Plants, caterpillars, fruit, seeds, roots, and fungi¹⁰¹	EN Unknown ¹⁰²
Bonnet macaque	M. radiata (Geoffroy, 1812) Two subspecies M. r. diluta M. r. radiata	Southern India	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland¹⁰³ Diet: Fruit, foliage, and insects, as well as bird eggs and lizards¹⁰⁴	VU Unknown ¹⁰³
Booted macaque	M. ochreata (Ogilby, 1841)	Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest and savanna¹⁰⁵ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	VU Unknown ¹⁰⁵
Celebes crested macaque	M. nigra (Desmarest, 1822)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 44–57 cm (17–22 in) long, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail¹⁰⁶ Habitat: Forest¹⁰⁷ Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, shoots, leaves, and stems¹⁰⁶	CR Unknown ¹⁰⁷
Crab-eating macaque	M. fascicularis Raffles, 1821 Ten subspecies M. f. atriceps (Dark-crowned long-tailed macaque) M. f. aureus (Burmese long-tailed macaque) M. f. condorensis (Con Song long-tailed macaque) M. f. fascicularis (Common long-tailed macaque) M. f. fusca (Simeulue long-tailed macaque) M. f. karimondjawae (Kemujan long-tailed macaque) M. f. lasiae (Lasia long-tailed macaque) M. f. philippensis (Philippine long-tailed macaque) M. f. tua (Maratua long-tailed macaque) M. f. umbrosus (Nicobar long-tailed macaque)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–47 cm (16–19 in) long, plus 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tail Habitat: Forest, intertidal marine, caves, inland wetlands, grassland, shrubland, and savanna¹⁰⁸ Diet: Fruit, crabs, flowers, insects, leaves, fungi, grasses, and clay¹⁰⁹	EN Unknown ¹⁰⁸
Formosan rock macaque	M. cyclopis (Swinhoe, 1862)	Taiwan	Size: 36–45 cm (14–18 in) long, plus 26–46 cm (10–18 in) tail¹¹⁰ Habitat: Forest¹¹¹ Diet: Fruit, leaves, berries, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates, buds, and shoots¹¹⁰	LC Unknown ¹¹¹
Gorontalo macaque	M. nigrescens (Temminck, 1849)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹¹² Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	VU Unknown ¹¹²
Heck's macaque	M. hecki (Matschie, 1901)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest and grassland¹¹³ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	VU 100,000 ¹¹³
Japanese macaque	M. fuscata Blyth, 1875 Two subspecies M. f. fuscata M. f. yakui (Yakushima macaque)	Japan	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹¹⁴ Diet: Fruit, seeds, flowers, nectar, leaves, and fungi¹¹⁵	LC Unknown ¹¹⁴
Lion-tailed macaque	M. silenus (Linnaeus, 1758)	Southwestern India	Size: 40–61 cm (16–24 in) long, plus 24–38 cm (9–15 in) tail¹¹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹¹⁷ Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, stems, flowers, buds, fungi, insects, lizards, tree frogs, and small mammals¹¹⁶	EN 2,400–2,500 ¹¹⁷
Moor macaque	M. maura (Schinz, 1825)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest and grassland¹¹⁸ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	EN Unknown ¹¹⁸
Muna-Buton macaque	M. brunnescens (Matschie, 1901)	Island of Sulawesi in Indonesia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹¹⁹ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	VU Unknown ¹¹⁹
Northern pig-tailed macaque	M. leonina (Blyth, 1863)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹²⁰ Diet: Leaves, seeds, stems, roots, flowers, bamboo shoots, rice, gums, insects, larvae, termite eggs and spiders¹²⁰	VU Unknown ¹²⁰
Pagai Island macaque	M. pagensis (Miller, 1903)	Mentawai Islands in Indonesia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹²¹ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	CR 2,100–3,700 ¹²¹
Rhesus macaque	M. mulatta (Zimmermann, 1790)	Southern and southeastern Asia	Size: 45–64 cm (18–25 in) long, plus 19–32 cm (7–13 in) tail¹²² Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland¹²³ Diet: Fish, crabs, shellfish, bird eggs, honeycombs, crayfish, crabs, spiders, plants, gums and pith¹²³	LC Unknown ¹²³
Siberut macaque	M. siberu Fuentes, 1995	Siberut island in Indonesia	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹²⁴ Diet: Fruit, as well as mushrooms, leaves, crabs, crayfish, pith, sap, shoots and flowers¹²⁴	EN Unknown ¹²⁴
Southern pig-tailed macaque	M. nemestrina (Linnaeus, 1766)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 46–57 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 13–26 cm (5–10 in) tail¹²⁵ Habitat: Forest and shrubland¹²⁶ Diet: Fruit, insects, seeds, leaves, dirt, and fungus, as well as birds, termite eggs and larvae, and river crabs¹²⁵	EN Unknown ¹²⁶
Stump-tailed macaque	M. arctoides (Geoffroy, 1831)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 48–65 cm (19–26 in) long, plus 3–7 cm (1–3 in) tail¹²⁷ Habitat: Forest¹²⁸ Diet: Fruit, seeds, flowers, roots, leaves, frogs, crabs, birds, and bird eggs¹²⁷	VU Unknown ¹²⁸
Tibetan macaque	M. thibetana (H. Milne-Edwards, 1870) Four subspecies M. t. esau M. t. guiahouensis M. t. huangshanensis M. t. thibetana	East China	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest and caves¹²⁹ Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, berries, seeds, leaves, stems, stalks, and invertebrates¹²⁹	NT Unknown ¹²⁹
Tonkean macaque	M. tonkeana (von Meyer, 1899)	Island of Sulawesi	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 1–15 cm (0–6 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹³⁰ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	VU Unknown ¹³⁰
White-cheeked macaque	M. leucogenys Li, Zhao, Fan, 2015	Northeastern India	Size: 36–77 cm (14–30 in) long, plus about 9–20 cm (4–8 in) tail⁹⁶ Habitat: Forest¹³¹ Diet: Fruit, leaves, grains, buds, seeds, flowers, and bark, as well as insects and small invertebrates⁹⁶	EN Unknown ¹³¹

Genus *Mandrillus* – Ritgen, 1824 – two species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Drill	M. leucophaeus (F. Cuvier, 1807) Two subspecies M. l. leucophaeus (Mainland drill) M. l. poensis (Bioko drill)	Western Africa	Size: 61–77 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 5–8 cm (2–3 in) tail¹³² Habitat: Forest, savanna, and rocky areas¹³³ Diet: Omnivorous, primarily fruit and seeds¹³³	EN 4,000 ¹³³
Mandrill	M. sphinx (Linnaeus, 1758)	Western Africa	Size: 55–95 cm (22–37 in) long, plus 7–10 cm (3–4 in) tail¹³⁴ Habitat: Forest¹³⁵ Diet: Fruit, seeds, fungi, roots, insects, snails, worms, frogs, and lizards, as well as snakes and small vertebrates¹³⁶	VU Unknown ¹³⁵

Genus *Miopithecus* – Geoffroy, 1842 – two species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Angolan talapoin	M. talapoin (Schreber, 1774)	Western Africa	Size: 32–45 cm (13–18 in) long, plus 36–53 cm (14–21 in) tail¹³⁷ Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands¹³⁸ Diet: Insects, leaves, seeds, fruit, water plants, grubs, eggs, and small vertebrates¹³⁷	VU Unknown ¹³⁸
Gabon talapoin	M. ogouensis Kingdon, 1997	Western Africa	Size: 23–36 cm (9–14 in) long, plus 31–45 cm (12–18 in) tail¹³⁹ Habitat: Forest¹⁴⁰ Diet: Fruit, seeds and insects¹⁴⁰	NT Unknown ¹⁴⁰

Genus *Papio* – Erxleben, 1777 – six species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Chacma baboon	P. ursinus (Kerr, 1792) Three subspecies P. u. griseipes (Gray-footed chacma) P. u. ruacana (Ruacana chacma) P. u. ursinus (Cape chacma)	Southern Africa	Size: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail¹⁴¹ Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, and desert¹⁴² Diet: Fruit, leaves, gum, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates¹⁴¹	LC Unknown ¹⁴²
Guinea baboon	P. papio (Desmarest, 1820)	Western Africa	Size: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail¹⁴³ Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, and inland wetlands¹⁴⁴ Diet: Roots, tubers, bulbs, corms, small vertebrates, fruit, and seeds¹⁴³	NT Unknown ¹⁴⁴
Hamadryas baboon	P. hamadryas (Linnaeus, 1758)	Horn of Africa and southwestern Arabian Peninsula	Size: 61–77 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 38–61 cm (15–24 in) tail¹⁴⁵ Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and rocky areas¹⁴⁶ Diet: Fruit, gum, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass, rhizomes, corms, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates¹⁴⁵	LC Unknown ¹⁴⁶
Kinda baboon	P. kindae Lönnberg, 1919	Central Africa (in green)	Size: 55–84 cm (22–33 in) long, plus 38–66 cm (15–26 in) tail¹⁴⁷ Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland¹⁴⁸ Diet: Omnivorous; primarily fruit¹⁴⁸	LC Unknown ¹⁴⁸
Olive baboon	P. anubis (Lesson, 1827)	Equatorial Africa	Size: 61–84 cm (24–33 in) long, plus 31–60 cm (12–24 in) tail¹⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland¹⁵⁰ Diet: Fruit, gums, insects, eggs, seeds, flowers, grass, rhizomes, corms, roots, tubers, and small vertebrates¹⁵¹	LC Unknown ¹⁵⁰
Yellow baboon	P. cynocephalus (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies P. c. cynocephalus (Common yellow baboon) P. c. ibeanus (Ibean baboon)	Eastern Africa (in red)	Size: 50–115 cm (20–45 in) long, plus 45–72 cm (18–28 in) tail¹⁵² Habitat: Shrubland, savanna, and forest¹⁵³ Diet: Grass, sedges, seeds, fruit, roots, leaves, buds, bark, flowers, insects, and small vertebrates¹⁵²	LC Unknown ¹⁵³

Genus *Rungwecebus* – Davenport, 2006 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Kipunji	R. kipunji Jones et al., 2005	Southeastern Africa	Size: 85–90 cm (33–35 in) long, plus about 115 cm (45 in) tail¹⁵⁴ Habitat: Forest¹⁵⁵ Diet: Omnivorous, including bulbs, roots, shoots, seeds, and fruit¹⁵⁴	EN Unknown ¹⁵⁵

Genus *Theropithecus* – Geoffroy, 1843 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Gelada	T. gelada (Rüppell, 1835) Two subspecies T. g. gelada (Northern gelada) T. g. obscurus (Eastern gelada)	Eastern Africa	Size: 50–75 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 32–55 cm (13–22 in) tail¹⁵⁶ Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas¹⁵⁷ Diet: Leaves and forbs, as well as roots, corms, tubers and rhizomes¹⁵⁷	LC Unknown ¹⁵⁷

Subfamily Colobinae

Genus *Colobus* – Illiger, 1811 – five species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Angola colobus	C. angolensis P. L. Sclater, 1860 Six subspecies C. a. angolensis (Sclater's Angola colobus) C. a. cordieri (Cordier's Angola colobus) C. a. cottoni (Powell-Cotton's Angola colobus) C. a. palliates (Tanzanian black-and-white colobus) C. a. prigoginei (Prigogine's Angola colobus) C. a. ruwenzorii (Ruwenzori colobus) C. a. sharpei (Sharpe's Angola Colobus)	Central Africa	Size: 49–68 cm (19–27 in) long, plus 70–83 cm (28–33 in) tail¹⁵⁸ Habitat: Forest¹⁵⁹ Diet: Leaves, as well as stems, bark, flowers, buds, shoots, fruits, and insects¹⁵⁸	VU Unknown ¹⁵⁹
Black colobus	C. satanas Waterhouse, 1838 Two subspecies C. s. anthracinus (Gabon black colobus) C. s. satanas (Bioko black colobus)	Western Africa	Size: 50–70 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 62–88 cm (24–35 in) tail¹⁶⁰ Habitat: Forest¹⁶¹ Diet: Nuts and seeds, as well as unripe fruit and leaves¹⁶⁰	VU Unknown ¹⁶¹
King colobus	C. polykomos (Zimmermann, 1780)	Western Africa	Size: 45–72 cm (18–28 in) long, plus 52–100 cm (20–39 in) tail¹⁶² Habitat: Forest and savanna¹⁶³ Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit and flowers¹⁶²	EN Unknown ¹⁶³
Mantled guereza	C. guereza Rüppell, 1835 Seven subspecies C. g. caudatus (Kilimanjaro guereza) C. g. dodingae (Dodinga Hills guereza) C. g. guereza (Omo River guereza) C. g. kikuyuensis (Eastern black-and-white colobus) C. g. matschiei (Mau Forest guereza) C. g. occidentalis (Western guereza) C. g. percivali (Mt Uaraguess guereza)	Central Africa	Size: 45–72 cm (18–28 in) long, plus 52–100 cm (20–39 in) tail¹⁶⁴ Habitat: Forest¹⁶⁵ Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, buds, and blossoms¹⁶⁴	LC Unknown ¹⁶⁵
Ursine colobus	C. vellerosus (Geoffroy, 1834)	Western Africa	Size: 60–67 cm (24–26 in) long, plus 73–93 cm (29–37 in) tail¹⁶⁶ Habitat: Forest¹⁶⁷ Diet: Leaves and seeds, as well as fruit, insects, and clay¹⁶⁸	CR 975 ¹⁶⁷

Genus *Nasalis* – Geoffroy, 1812 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Proboscis monkey	N. larvatus Wurmb, 1787	Borneo	Size: 61–76 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 50–75 cm (20–30 in) tail¹⁶⁹ Habitat: Forest¹⁷⁰ Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, and shoots, as well as caterpillars and larvae¹⁷¹	EN Unknown ¹⁷⁰

Genus *Piliocolobus* – Rochebrune, 1887 – sixteen species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Bouvier's red colobus	P. bouvieri (Rochebrune, 1887)	Congo (in purple on left)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁷³ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	EN Unknown ¹⁷³
Foa's red colobus	P. foai (Pousargues, 1899)	Congo (in black, bottom right)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁷⁴ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	EN Unknown ¹⁷⁴
Lomami red colobus	P. parmentieri (Colyn, Verheyen, 1987)	Congo	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁷⁵ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	EN Unknown ¹⁷⁵
Lang's red colobus	P. langi (J. A. Allen, 1925)	Congo	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁷⁶ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	EN Unknown ¹⁷⁶
Miss Waldron's red colobus	P. waldronae (Hayman, 1936)	Western Africa	Size: 47–63 cm (19–25 in) long, plus 52–75 cm (20–30 in) tail¹⁷⁷ Habitat: Forest¹⁷⁸ Diet: Fruit, seeds, leaves, buds, and flowers¹⁷⁷	CR Unknown ¹⁷⁸
Niger Delta red colobus	P. epieni (Grubb, Powell, 1999)	Western Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁷⁹ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	CR Unknown ¹⁷⁹
Oustalet's red colobus	P. oustaleti (Trouessart, 1906)	Congo (in green)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁸⁰ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	VU Unknown ¹⁸⁰
Pennant's colobus	P. pennantii (Waterhouse, 1838)	Western Africa	Size: 53–63 cm (21–25 in) long, plus 60–70 cm (24–28 in) tail¹⁸¹ Habitat: Forest¹⁸² Diet: Leaves and shoots, as well as seeds and fruit¹⁸¹	CR Unknown ¹⁸²
Preuss's red colobus	P. preussi (Matschie, 1900)	Western Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁸³ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	CR Unknown ¹⁸³
Semliki red colobus	P. semlikiensis (Colyn, 1991)	Congo (in dark blue on right)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁸⁴ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	VU Unknown ¹⁸⁴
Tana River red colobus	P. rufomitratus (Peters, 1879)	Kenya	Size: 45–67 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 52–80 cm (20–31 in) tail¹⁸⁵ Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and inland wetlands¹⁸⁶ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and seeds, as well as flowers¹⁸⁵	CR Unknown ¹⁸⁶
Thollon's red colobus	P. tholloni (A. Milne-Edwards, 1886)	Congo (in orange)	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁸⁷ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and seeds, as well as flowers¹⁸⁷	VU Unknown ¹⁸⁷
Udzungwa red colobus	P. gordonorum (Matschie, 1900)	Southeastern Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest¹⁸⁸ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	VU 35,000 ¹⁸⁸
Ugandan red colobus	P. tephrosceles Elliot, 1907	Eastern Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest and savanna¹⁸⁹ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁷²	EN Unknown ¹⁸⁹
Western red colobus	P. badius (Kerr, 1792) Three subspecies P. b. badius (Bay red colobus) P. b. temminckii (Temminck's red colobus)	Western Africa	Size: 45–67 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 52–80 cm (20–31 in) tail Habitat: Forest and savanna¹⁹⁰ Diet: Leaves, seeds, unripe fruit, and shoots¹⁹¹	EN Unknown ¹⁹⁰
Zanzibar red colobus	P. kirkii (Gray, 1868)	Eastern Africa	Size: 41–70 cm (16–28 in) long, plus 42–80 cm (17–31 in) tail¹⁷² Habitat: Forest and shrubland¹⁹² Diet: Leaves, fruit, and seeds, as well as flowers¹⁹³	EN 5,900 ¹⁹²

Genus *Presbytis* – Eschscholtz, 1821 – nineteen species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black Sumatran langur	P. sumatranus (S. Müller, Schlegel, 1841)	Island of Sumatra in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest¹⁹⁵ Diet: Fruit, leaves, seeds and flowers¹⁹⁵	EN Unknown ¹⁹⁵
Black-and-white langur	P. bicolor Aimi, Bakar, 1992	Island of Sumatra	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest¹⁹⁶ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	DD Unknown ¹⁹⁶
Black-crested Sumatran langur	P. melalophos (Raffles, 1821)	Island of Sumatra	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest and shrubland¹⁹⁷ Diet: Fruits and leaves, as well as seeds and flowers¹⁹⁸	EN Unknown ¹⁹⁷
East Sumatran banded langur	P. percura Lyon, 1908	Island of Sumatra	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest¹⁹⁹ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	CR Unknown ¹⁹⁹
Hose's langur	P. hosei (Thomas, 1889)	Borneo	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰⁰ Diet: Leaves, unripe fruits, seeds, flowers, bird eggs and nestlings²⁰⁰	VU Unknown ²⁰⁰
Javan surili	P. comata (Desmarest, 1822) Two subspecies P. c. comata P. c. fredericae	Island of Java in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰¹ Diet: Leaves, as well as fruits, flowers, and seeds²⁰¹	VU 5,500 ²⁰¹
Maroon leaf monkey	P. rubicunda (Müller, 1838) Five subspecies P. r. carimatae P. r. chrysea P. r. ignita P. r. rubicunda P. r. rubida	Borneo	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands²⁰² Diet: Leaves, seeds, and fruit, as well as flowers and pith²⁰²	VU Unknown ²⁰²
Siberut langur	P. siberu (Chasen, Kloss, 1928)	Island of Siberut in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰³ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	EN Unknown ²⁰³
Mentawai langur	P. potenziani (Bonaparte, 1856)	Mentawai islands in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰⁴ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	CR Unknown ²⁰⁴
Miller's langur	P. canicrus G. S. Miller, 1934	Eastern Borneo (in light green)	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰⁵ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	EN Unknown ²⁰⁵
Mitered langur	P. mitrata Eschscholtz, 1821	Island of Sumatra	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰⁶ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	VU Unknown ²⁰⁶
Natuna Island surili	P. natunae (Thomas, Hartert, 1894)	Island of Natuna Besar in Indonesia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰⁷ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	VU 9,000 ²⁰⁷
Raffles' banded langur	P. femoralis (Martin, 1838)	Singapore and southern Peninsular Malaysia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰⁸ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	CR 200–250 ²⁰⁸
Robinson's banded langur	P. robinsoni Thomas, 1910	Southern Malay Peninsula	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁰⁹ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	NT Unknown ²⁰⁹
Sabah grizzled langur	P. sabana (Thomas, 1893)	Eastern Borneo (in dark brown)	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²¹⁰ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	EN Unknown ²¹⁰
Sarawak surili	P. chrysomelas (Müller, 1838) Two subspecies P. c. chrysomelas P. c. cruciger	Northern Borneo	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²¹¹ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	CR Unknown ²¹¹
Thomas's langur	P. thomasi (Collett, 1893)	Northern island of Sumatra in Indonesia	Size: 42–62 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail²¹² Habitat: Forest²¹³ Diet: Fruit, leaves, and seeds, as well as flowers, bark, twigs, stalks, birds, bird eggs, algae, and insects²¹²	VU Unknown ²¹³
White-fronted surili	P. frontata (Müller, 1838)	Borneo	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²¹⁴ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	VU Unknown ²¹⁴
White-thighed surili	P. siamensis (Müller, Schlegel, 1838) Four subspecies P. s. cana P. s. paenulata P. s. rhionis P. s. siamensis	Southeastern Asia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail¹⁹⁴ Habitat: Forest²¹⁵ Diet: Fruit, seeds, and leaves¹⁹⁴	NT Unknown ²¹⁵

Genus *Procolobus* – Rochebrune, 1877 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Olive colobus	P. verus (Van Beneden, 1838)	Western Africa	Size: 43–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 57–64 cm (22–25 in) tail²¹⁶ Habitat: Forest²¹⁷ Diet: Leaves and flowers²¹⁸	VU Unknown ²¹⁷

Genus *Pygathrix* – Geoffroy, 1812 – three species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-shanked douc	P. nigripes H. Milne-Edwards, 1871	Southeastern Asia	Size: 60–76 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 56–76 cm (22–30 in) tail²¹⁹ Habitat: Forest²²⁰ Diet: Leaves, as well as seeds, fruit and flowers²²⁰	CR Unknown ²²⁰
Gray-shanked douc	P. cinerea (Nadler, 1997)	Southeastern Asia	Size: About 60 cm (24 in) long, plus 59–68 cm (23–27 in) tail²¹⁹ Habitat: Forest²²¹ Diet: Leaves, as well as buds, fruit, seeds, and flowers²²²	CR Unknown ²²¹
Red-shanked douc	P. nemaeus (Linnaeus, 1771)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 61–77 cm (24–30 in) long, plus 55–77 cm (22–30 in) tail²²³ Habitat: Forest²²⁴ Diet: Leaves, as well as unripe fruit, seeds, and flowers²²³	CR Unknown ²²⁴

Genus *Rhinopithecus* – H. Milne-Edwards, 1872 – five species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-and-white snub-nosed monkey	R. bieti (A. Milne-Edwards, 1897)	Southern China	Size: 74–83 cm (29–33 in) long, plus 51–72 cm (20–28 in) tail²²⁵ Habitat: Forest²²⁶ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and lichen²²⁵	EN 1,000 ²²⁶
Golden snub-nosed monkey	R. roxellana A. Milne-Edwards, 1870 Three subspecies R. r. hubeiensis (Hubei golden snub-nosed monkey) R. r. qinlingensis (Qinling golden snub-nosed monkey) R. r. roxellana (Moupin golden snub-nosed monkey)	Central China	Size: 57–76 cm (22–30 in) long, plus 51–72 cm (20–28 in) tail²²⁷ Habitat: Forest²²⁸ Diet: Leaves, bark, and lichen, as well as buds and fruit seeds²²⁷	EN Unknown ²²⁸
Gray snub-nosed monkey	R. brelichi Thomas, 1903	Central China	Size: 64–73 cm (25–29 in) long, plus 70–97 cm (28–38 in) tail²²⁹ Habitat: Forest²³⁰ Diet: Leaves, buds, fruit, seeds and bark, as well as insect larvae²²⁹	CR 200 ²³⁰
Myanmar snub-nosed monkey	R. strykeri Geissmann et al., 2010	Northern Myanmar	Size: About 56 cm (22 in) long, plus 78 cm (31 in) tail²³¹ Habitat: Forest²³² Diet: Leaves, fruit, seeds, buds, flowers, twigs, and bark²³³	CR 350–400 ²³²
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey	R. avunculus (Dollman, 1912)	Northern Vietnam	Size: 51–65 cm (20–26 in) long, plus 66–92 cm (26–36 in) tail²³⁴ Habitat: Forest²³⁵ Diet: Leaves, fruit, flowers, and seeds²³⁴	CR 80–100 ²³⁵

Genus *Semnopithecus* – Desmarest, 1822 – eight species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Black-footed gray langur	S. hypoleucos Blyth, 1841 Three subspecies S. h. achates S. h. hypoleucos S. h. iulus	Southern India	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail²³⁶ Habitat: Forest and shrubland²³⁷ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers²³⁶	LC Unknown ²³⁷
Kashmir gray langur	S. ajax Pocock, 1928	Himalayas	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail²³⁶ Habitat: Forest²³⁸ Diet: Leaves, bark, and seeds²³⁸	EN 1,400–1,500 ²³⁸
Nepal gray langur	S. schistaceus Hodgson, 1840	Himalayas	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail²³⁶ Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas²³⁹ Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as seeds, roots, flowers, bark, twigs, coniferous cones, moss, lichens, ferns, shoots, rhizomes, grass, and invertebrate animals²³⁹	LC Unknown ²³⁹
Nilgiri langur	S. johnii (J. Fischer, 1829)	Southern India	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail²³⁶ Habitat: Forest²⁴⁰ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers²³⁶	VU 9,500–10,000 ²⁴⁰
Northern plains gray langur	S. entellus (Dufresne, 1797)	India	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail²³⁶ Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland²⁴¹ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers, as well as insects, bark, gum, and soil²⁴²	LC Unknown ²⁴¹
Tarai gray langur	S. hector Pocock, 1928	Himalayas	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail²³⁶ Habitat: Forest²⁴³ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers²³⁶	NT Unknown ²⁴³
Tufted gray langur	S. priam Blyth, 1844 Three subspecies S. p. anchises S. p. priam S. p. thersites	Southern India and Sri Lanka	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail²³⁶ Habitat: Forest and shrubland²⁴⁴ Diet: Leaves and fruit²⁴⁴	NT Unknown ²⁴⁴
Purple-faced langur	S. vetulus (Erxleben, 1777) Four subspecies T. v. monticola (Montane purple-faced langur) T. v. nestor (Western purple-faced langur) T. v. philbricki (Dryzone purple-faced langur) T. v. vetulus (Southern lowland wetzone purple-faced langur)	Sri Lanka	Size: 41–78 cm (16–31 in) long, plus 69–108 cm (27–43 in) tail²³⁶ Habitat: Forest²⁴⁵ Diet: Leaves, fruit, flowers, and seeds²⁴⁵	EN Unknown ²⁴⁵

Genus *Simias* – Miller, 1903 – one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Pig-tailed langur	S. concolor Miller, 1903 Three subspecies S. c. concolor S. c. siberu	Islands near Sumatra in Indonesia	Size: 45–53 cm (18–21 in) long, plus 13–18 cm (5–7 in) tail²⁴⁶ Habitat: Forest²⁴⁷ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and berries²⁴⁸	CR Unknown ²⁴⁷

Genus *Trachypithecus* – Reichenbach, 1862 – twenty-one species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Annamese langur	T. margarita (Elliot, 1909)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁵⁰ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	EN Unknown ²⁵⁰
Capped langur	T. pileatus (Blyth, 1843) Three subspecies T. p. brahma T. p. pileatus T. p. tenebricus	Southern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁵¹ Diet: Leaves, seeds, and fruit, as well as flowers, buds, bark, and caterpillars²⁵¹	VU Unknown ²⁵¹
Cat Ba langur	T. poliocephalus (Pousargues, 1898)	Cát Bà Island, Vietnam (in purple)	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forests and caves²⁵² Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	CR 30–35 ²⁵²
Delacour's langur	T. delacouri (Osgood, 1911)	Northern Vietnam	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves²⁵³ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	CR 240–250 ²⁵³
Dusky leaf monkey	T. obscurus (Reid, 1837) Seven subspecies T. o. carbo T. o. flavicauda T. o. halonifer T. o. obscurus T. o. sanctorum T. o. seimundi T. o. styx	Southeastern Asia	Size: 42–61 cm (17–24 in) long, plus 50–85 cm (20–33 in) tail²⁵⁴ Habitat: Forest²⁵⁵ Diet: Leaves, shoots, fruit, and seedlings²⁵⁴	EN Unknown ²⁵⁵
East Javan langur	T. auratus Geoffroy, 1812	Java and nearby islands in Indonesia	Size: 44–65 cm (17–26 in) long, plus 61–87 cm (24–34 in) tail²⁵⁶ Habitat: Forest²⁵⁷ Diet: Leaves and flowers, as well as fruit and insect larvae²⁵⁶	VU Unknown ²⁵⁷
François' langur	T. francoisi (Pousargues, 1898)	Southern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves²⁵⁸ Diet: Leaves, fruit, and seeds, as well as insects²⁵⁹	EN 2,000–2,100 ²⁵⁸
Gee's golden langur	T. geei (Khajuria, 1956)	Southern Asia	Size: 50–75 cm (20–30 in) long, plus 70–100 cm (28–39 in) tail²⁶⁰ Habitat: Forest²⁶¹ Diet: Fruit, leaves, flowers, seeds, and twigs²⁶⁰	EN 6,000–6,500 ²⁶¹
Germain's langur	T. germaini (H. Milne-Edwards, 1876)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest and rocky areas²⁶² Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers²⁶²	EN Unknown ²⁶²
Hatinh langur	T. hatinhensis (Dao, 1970)	Vietnam	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves²⁶³ Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, vines, and flowers²⁶³	EN Unknown ²⁶³
Indochinese black langur	T. ebenus Brandon-Jones, 1995	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves²⁶⁴ Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, vines, and flowers²⁶⁴	EN Unknown ²⁶⁴
Indochinese grey langur	T. crepuscula (Elliot, 1909)	Southeast Asia (in red)	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and rocky areas²⁶⁵ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	EN 2,400–2,500 ²⁶⁵
Laotian langur	T. laotum (Thomas, 1911)	Laos	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest and rocky areas²⁶⁶ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	EN Unknown ²⁶⁶
Phayre's leaf monkey	T. phayrei (Blyth, 1847) Two subspecies T. p. phayrei T. p. shanicus	Southeast Asia (in green)	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁶⁷ Diet: Leaves, as well as bamboo shoots²⁶⁸	EN Unknown ²⁶⁷
Popa langur	T. popa Roos et al., 2020	Myanmar	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁶⁹ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	CR 130–180 ²⁶⁹
Shortridge's langur	T. shortridgei Wroughton, 1915	Southern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁷⁰ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	EN Unknown ²⁷⁰
Selangor silvered langur	T. selangorensis Roos, Nadler, Walter, 2008	Peninsular Malaysia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁷¹ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	NT Unknown ²⁷¹
Silvery lutung	T. cristatus Raffles, 1821 Two subspecies T. c. cristatus T. c. vigilans	Southeastern Asia	Size: 46–56 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 63–84 cm (25–33 in) tail²⁷² Habitat: Forest²⁷³ Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, seeds, shoots, flowers, and buds²⁷²	VU Unknown ²⁷³
Tenasserim lutung	T. barbei (Blyth, 1847)	Southeastern Asia	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁷⁴ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	VU Unknown ²⁷⁴
West Javan langur	T. mauritius (Griffith, 1821)	Island of Java	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Forest²⁷⁵ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	VU Unknown ²⁷⁵
White-headed langur	T. leucocephalus Tan, 1957	Southern China	Size: 40–76 cm (16–30 in) long, plus 57–110 cm (22–43 in) tail²⁴⁹ Habitat: Rocky areas²⁷⁶ Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit²⁴⁹	CR 230–250 ²⁷⁶

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[FieldAfrica168-32] Kingdon 2015, p. 168

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[FieldAfrica174-41] Kingdon 2015, p. 174

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[FieldAfrica170-44] Kingdon 2015, p. 170

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[FieldAfrica179-47] Kingdon 2015, p. 179

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[FieldAfrica181-56] Kingdon 2015, p. 181

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[FieldAfrica183-61] Kingdon 2015, p. 183

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[FieldAfrica180-66] Kingdon 2015, p. 180

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[IUCNWhite-throatedguenon-69] Matsuda Goodwin, R.; Oates, J. F.; Nobimè, G.; Segniagbeto, G. H.; Ikemeh, R.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2020). "Cercopithecus erythrogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T4217A17946182. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4217A17946182.en.

[ADWWolfsmonamonkey-70] Platter, Branden (2008). "Cercopithecus wolfi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

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[FieldAfrica158-75] Kingdon 2015, p. 158

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[IUCNGreenmonkey-77] Gonedelé Bi, S.; Galat, G.; Galat-Luong, A.; Koné, I.; Osei, D.; Wallis, J.; Wiafe, E.; Zinner, D. (2020). "Chlorocebus sabaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T136265A17958099. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136265A17958099.en.

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[ADWGrivet-79] Rochester, Melissa Jill (2023). "Chlorocebus aethiops". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved August 16, 2023.

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[FieldAfrica125-94] Kingdon 2015, p. 125

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[IUCNBonnetmacaque-103] Singh, M.; Kumara, H. N.; Kumar, A. (2020). "Macaca radiata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T12558A17951596. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12558A17951596.en.

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[IUCNCrab-eatingmacaque-108] Hansen, M. F.; Ang, A.; Trinh, T. T. H.; Sy, E.; Paramasivam, S.; Ahmed, T.; Dimalibot, J.; Jones-Engel, L.; Ruppert, N.; Griffioen, C.; Lwin, N.; Phiapalath, P.; Gray, R.; Kite, S.; Doak, N.; Nijman, V.; Fuentes, A.; Gumert, M. D. (2022) [amended version of 2022 assessment]. "Macaca fascicularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T12551A221666136. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T12551A221666136.en.

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[ADWFormosanrockmacaque-110] Chiu, Crystal (2001). "Macaca cyclopis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 30, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNFormosanrockmacaque-111] Wu, H.; Long, Y. (2020). "Macaca cyclopis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T12550A17949875. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12550A17949875.en.

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[IUCNSiberutmacaque-124] Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A.; Quinten, M; Cheyne, S. M.; Whittaker, D.; Mittermeier, R. A. (2020). "Macaca siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39795A17949710. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39795A17949710.en.

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[IUCNTibetanmacaque-129] Yongcheng, L.; Richardson, M. (2020). "Macaca thibetana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T12562A17948236. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12562A17948236.en.

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[MamAfrica232-147] Kingdon 2014, p. 232

[IUCNKindababoon-148] Wallis, J.; Petersdorf, M.; Weyher, A. H.; Jolly, C. J. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Papio kindae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T136848A190319676. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136848A190319676.en.

[FieldAfrica120-149] Kingdon 2015, p. 120

[IUCNOlivebaboon-150] Wallis, J. (2020). "Papio anubis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T40647A17953200. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T40647A17953200.en.

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[ADWYellowbaboon-152] Shefferly, Nancy (2004). "Papio cynocephalus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

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[ADWBlackcolobus-160] Lane, Whitney (2011). "Colobus satanas". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

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[FieldAfrica114-166] Kingdon 2015, p. 114

[IUCNUrsinecolobus-167] Matsuda Goodwin, R.; Gonedelé Bi, S.; Nobimè, G.; Koné, I.; Osei, D.; Segniagbeto, G.; Oates, J. F. (2020). "Colobus vellerosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T5146A169472127. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T5146A169472127.en.

[ADWUrsinecolobus-168] Walker, Shannon (2009). "Colobus vellerosus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[PrimWorld155-169] Nowak 1999b, p. 155

[IUCNProboscismonkey-170] Boonratana, R.; Cheyne, S. M.; Traeholt, C.; Nijman, V.; Supriatna, J. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Nasalis larvatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T14352A195372486. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T14352A195372486.en.

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[FieldAfrica103-172] Kingdon 2015, p. 103

[IUCNBouvier'sredcolobus-173] Maisels, F.; Devreese, L. (2022) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Piliocolobus bouvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T18250A210339606. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T18250A210339606.en.

[IUCNFoasredcolobus-174] Hart, J.; Ting, N.; Maisels, F. (2020). "Piliocolobus foai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18252A92659769. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18252A92659769.en.

[IUCNLomamiredcolobus-175] Hart, J. A.; Detwiler, K. M. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus parmentieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T40648A166604269. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T40648A166604269.en.

[IUCNLang'sredcolobus-176] Hart, J.; Laudisoit, A.; Struhsaker, T. T.; Oates, J. F. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus langi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18261A166605018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18261A166605018.en.

[FieldAfrica110-177] Kingdon 2015, p. 110

[IUCNMisswaldron'sredcolobus-178] Oates, J. F.; Koné, I.; McGraw, S.; Osei, D. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus waldroni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18248A166620835. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18248A166620835.en.

[IUCNNigerDeltaredcolobus-179] Ikemeh, R.; Oates, J. F.; Inaoyom, I. (2019). "Piliocolobus epieni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T41024A92656391. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41024A92656391.en.

[IUCNOustalet'sredcolobus-180] Hart, J.; Maisels, F.; Oates, J. F.; Laudisoit, A.; Hicks, T. C.; Struhsaker, T. T. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus oustaleti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18255A166598553. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18255A166598553.en.

[ADWPennantscolobus-181] Gilbert, Kasi (2011). "Piliocolobus pennantii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

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[IUCNPreusssredcolobus-183] Linder, J.; Morgan, B. J.; Abwe, E. E.; Jost Robinson, C. A.; Imong, I.; Oates, J. F. (2019). "Piliocolobus preussi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T41026A92633245. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41026A92633245.en.

[IUCNSemlikiredcolobus-184] Maisels, F.; Ting, N. (2020). "Piliocolobus semlikiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T92657343A92657454. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T92657343A92657454.en.

[ADWTanaRiverredcolobus-185] Jones, Jeremy (2002). "Piliocolobus rufomitratus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNTanaRiverredcolobus-186] Butynski, T. M.; de Jong, Y. A.; King, J. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus rufomitratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T136939A166599765. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T136939A166599765.en.

[IUCNThollonsredcolobus-187] Detwiler, K. M.; Hart, J. A.; Maisels, F.; Thompson, J.; Reinartz, G.; Struhsaker, T. T. (2020) [amended version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus tholloni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18257A166598109. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18257A166598109.en.

[IUCNUdzungwaredcolobus-188] Rovero, F.; Barelli, C; Butynski, T. M.; Marshall, A. J.; Struhsaker, T. T. (2019). "Piliocolobus gordonorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T40015A92629595. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40015A92629595.en.

[IUCNUgandanredcolobus-189] Struhsaker, T. T.; Ting, N. (2020) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Piliocolobus tephrosceles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18256A171760021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T18256A171760021.en.

[IUCNWesternredcolobus-190] McGraw, S.; Minhós, T.; Bersacola, E.; Ferreira da Silva, M. J.; Galat, G.; Galat-Luong, A.; Gonedelé Bi, S.; Mayhew, M.; Oates, J. F.; Starin, E. D. (2020). "Piliocolobus badius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T161247840A161259430. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T161247840A161259430.en.

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[IUCNZanzibarredcolobus-192] Davenport, T. (2020) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Piliocolobus kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T39992A168568335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39992A168568335.en.

[ADWZanzibarredcolobus-193] Smit, Josephine (2012). "Piliocolobus kirkii". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[MamWorld599600-194] Nowak 1999a, pp. 599–600

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[IUCNBlack-and-whitelangur-196] Nijman, V. (2021). "Presbytis bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39812A206547286. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39812A206547286.en.

[IUCNBlack-crestedSumatranlangur-197] Nijman, V.; Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C.; Manullang, B. (2020). "Presbytis melalophos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39811A17954271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39811A17954271.en.

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[IUCNEastsumatranbandedlangur-199] Rizaldi, Ang; A., Kurnia; I., Prasetio; I., Nijman; V., Setiawan; A., Boonratana; R. (2021). "Presbytis percura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39805A205841390. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39805A205841390.en.

[IUCNHoseslangur-200] Nijman, V.; Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A.; Cheyne, S. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Presbytis hosei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T175648870A195370322. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T175648870A195370322.en.

[IUCNJavansurili-201] Nijman, V.; Setiawan, A.; Ang, A. (2022). "Presbytis comata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T210369485A210370097. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T210369485A210370097.en.

[IUCNMaroonleafmonkey-202] Cheyne, S.; Ehlers-Smith, D. A.; Nijman, V.; Traeholt, C. (2020). "Presbytis rubicunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18131A17953935. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18131A17953935.en.

[IUCNSiberutlangur-203] Quinten, M; Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C.; Cheyne, S. M.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Presbytis siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39816A17986963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39816A17986963.en.

[IUCNMentawailangur-204] Setiawan, A.; Quinten, M; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Presbytis potenziani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39815A17954456. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39815A17954456.en.

[IUCNMiller'slangur-205] Cheyne, S.; Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C. (2021) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Presbytis canicrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39808A200247353. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T39808A200247353.en.

[IUCNMiteredlangur-206] Nijman, V.; Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C.; Manullang, B. (2020). "Presbytis mitrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39813A17986718. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39813A17986718.en.

[IUCNNatunaIslandsurili-207] Setiawan, A.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C. (2020). "Presbytis natunae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T136500A17955492. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136500A17955492.en.

[IUCNRafflesbandedlangur-208] Ang, A.; Boonratana, R.; Nijman, V. (2022). "Presbytis femoralis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T39801A215090780. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39801A215090780.en.

[IUCNRobinson'sbandedlangur-209] Ang, A.; Boonratana, R.; Nijman, V. (2021). "Presbytis robinsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39806A205875703. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T39806A205875703.en.

[IUCNSabahgrizzledlangur-210] Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C. (2020). "Presbytis sabana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39810A17987041. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39810A17987041.en.

[IUCNSarawaksurili-211] Nijman, V.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A. (2020). "Presbytis chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39803A17955321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39803A17955321.en.

[ADWThomasslangur-212] Matthews, Mika (2004). "Presbytis thomasi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNThomasslangur-213] Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C. (2020). "Presbytis thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18132A17954139. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18132A17954139.en.

[IUCNWhite-frontedsurili-214] Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A.; Nijman, V.; Meijaard, E. (2020). "Presbytis frontata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18127A17954836. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18127A17954836.en.

[IUCNWhite-thighedsurili-215] Ang, A.; Traeholt, C. (2020). "Presbytis siamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T18134A17953755. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18134A17953755.en.

[FieldAfrica102-216] Kingdon 2015, p. 102

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[Myanmarsnub-nosedmonkeylength-231] Geissmann, T.; Lwin, N.; Aung, S. S.; Aung, T. N.; Aung, Z. M.; Hla, T. H.; Grindley, M.; Momberg, F. (2011). "A new species of snub-nosed monkey, genus Rhinopithecus Milne-Edwards, 1872 (Primates, Colobinae), from northern Kachin state, northeastern Myanmar". American Journal of Primatology. 73 (1): 96–107. doi:10.1002/ajp.20894. PMID 20981682. S2CID 467234.

[IUCNMyanmarsnub-nosedmonkey-232] Geissmann, T.; Momberg, F.; Whitten, T. (2020). "Rhinopithecus strykeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T13508501A17943490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en.

[Myanmarsnub-nosedmonkeyfood-233] Yang, Y.; Groves, C.; Garber, P.; Wang, X.; Li, H.; Long, Y.; Li, G.; Tian, Y.; Dong, S. (2019). "First insights into the feeding habits of the Critically Endangered black snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus strykeri (Colobinae, Primates)". Primates. 60 (2): 143–153. doi:10.1007/s10329-019-00717-0. PMID 30847671. S2CID 71145324.

[ADWTonkinsnub-nosedmonkey-234] Cherka, Rachel (2014). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNTonkinsnub-nosedmonkey-235] Quyet, L. K.; Rawson, B. M.; Duc, H.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H.; Ang, A. (2020). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T19594A17944213. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en.

[PrimWorld160-236] Nowak 1999b, p. 160

[IUCNBlack-footedgraylangur-237] Singh, M.; Kumara, H. N.; Kumar, A.; Nag, C. (2020). "Semnopithecus hypoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T167543916A17942313. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T167543916A17942313.en.

[IUCNKashmirgraylangur-238] Kumar, A.; Singh, M.; Anandam, M.; Ahuja, V.; Kumara, H. N.; Molur, S. (2020). "Semnopithecus ajax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39833A17943210. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39833A17943210.en.

[IUCNNepalgraylangur-239] Singh, M.; Kumara, H. N.; Long, Y.; Chetry, D.; Kumar, A. (2020). "Semnopithecus schistaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39840A17942792. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39840A17942792.en.

[IUCNNilgirilangur-240] Singh, M.; Kumara, H. N.; Kumar, A. (2020). "Semnopithecus johnii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T44694A17958623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44694A17958623.en.

[IUCNNorthernplainsgraylangur-241] Kumara, H. N.; Kumar, A.; Singh, M. (2020). "Semnopithecus entellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39832A17942050. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39832A17942050.en.

[ADWNorthernplainsgraylangur-242] Semke, Rebecca (2011). "Semnopithecus entellus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNTaraigraylangur-243] Singh, M.; Kumar, A.; Kumara, H. N.; Ahuja, V. (2020). "Semnopithecus hector". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39837A17942651. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39837A17942651.en.

[IUCNTuftedgraylangur-244] Singh, M.; Kumara, H. N.; Dittus, W.; Kumar, A.; Nag, C. (2020). "Semnopithecus priam". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T167546892A17942964. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T167546892A17942964.en.

[IUCNPurple-facedlangur-245] Rudran, R.; Dittus, W.; Gamage, S. N.; Nekaris, K. A. I. (2020). "Semnopithecus vetulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22042A17959452. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22042A17959452.en.

[PrimWorld156-246] Nowak 1999b, p. 156

[IUCNPig-tailedlangur-247] Quinten, M; Setiawan, A.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Simias concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T20229A17953422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T20229A17953422.en.

[ADWPig-tailedlangur-248] Rankin, Lyndsay (2006). "Simias concolor". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[MamWorld602-249] Nowak 1999a, p. 602

[IUCNAnnameselangur-250] Hoang Minh Duc, Nadler; T., Coudrat; C. N. Z., Rawson; B. M., Covert; H., Moody; J., Ang; A. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus margarita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T39875A210372003. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39875A210372003.en.

[IUCNCappedlangur-251] Das, J.; Chetry, D.; Choudhury, A.; Bleisch, W. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus pileatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22041A196580469. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22041A196580469.en.

[IUCNCatBalangur-252] Rawson, B. M.; Leonard, N.; Covert, H.; Nadler, T. (2020). "Trachypithecus poliocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39871A17959804. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39871A17959804.en.

[IUCNDelacourslangur-253] Nadler, T.; Quyet, L. K.; Rawson, B. M.; Coudrat, C. N. Z. (2020). "Trachypithecus delacouri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22043A17958988. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22043A17958988.en.

[ADWDuskyleafmonkey-254] Viswanathan, Lata (2002). "Trachypithecus obscurus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNDuskyleafmonkey-255] Boonratana, R.; Ang, A.; Traeholt, C.; Thant, N. M. L. (2020). "Trachypithecus obscurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22039A17960562. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22039A17960562.en.

[ADWEastJavanlangur-256] Cannon, William; Vos, Abby (2009). "Trachypithecus auratus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNEastJavanlangur-257] Nijman, V. (2021). "Trachypithecus auratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39848A17988500. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39848A17988500.en.

[IUCNFrançoislangur-258] Nadler, T.; Quyet, L. K.; Covert, H.; Long, Y. (2020). "Trachypithecus francoisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39853A17958817. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39853A17958817.en.

[ADWFrançoislangur-259] Ris, Lauren (2004). "Trachypithecus francoisi". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[ADWGeesgoldenlangur-260] Raval, Shivani (2004). "Trachypithecus geei". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNGeesgoldenlangur-261] Das, J.; Chetry, D.; Medhi, R.; Choudhury, A. (2020). "Trachypithecus geei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22037A17960997. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22037A17960997.en.

[IUCNGermainslangur-262] Duc, H.; Covert, H.; Ang, A.; Moody, J. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Trachypithecus germaini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T39874A217754957. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T39874A217754957.en.

[IUCNHatinhlangur-263] Quyet, L. K.; Coudrat, C. N. Z.; Phiaphalath, P.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus hatinhensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T40789A196139355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40789A196139355.en.

[IUCNIndochineseblacklangur-264] Quyet, L. K.; Coudrat, C. N. Z.; Phiaphalath, P.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus hatinhensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T40789A196139355. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40789A196139355.en.

[IUCNIndochinesegreylangur-265] Yongcheng, L.; Nadler, T.; Quyet, L. K. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus crepusculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T136920A204397334. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T136920A204397334.en.

[IUCNLaotianlangur-266] Coudrat, C. N. Z.; Nadler, T.; Phiaphalath, P.; Duckworth, J. W. (2020). "Trachypithecus laotum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22044A17959133. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22044A17959133.en.

[IUCNPhayresleafmonkey-267] Chetry, D.; Ahmed, T. (2021). "Trachypithecus phayrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T175862145A175862149. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T175862145A175862149.en.

[ADWPhayresleafmonkey-268] twell, wayne (2011). "Trachypithecus phayrei". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNPopalangur-269] Matauschek, C.; Meyer, D.; Lwin, N.; Ko Lin, A.; Lin, A.; Momberg, F.; Roos, C. (2022). "Trachypithecus popa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T196344474A196344962. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T196344474A196344962.en.

[IUCNShortridgeslangur-270] Long, Y.; Htun, S. (2020). "Trachypithecus shortridgei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39869A17961202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39869A17961202.en.

[IUCNSelangorsilveredlangur-271] Ang, A.; Nijman, V.; Traeholt, C. (2021). "Trachypithecus selangorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T205911038A205911065. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T205911038A205911065.en.

[ADWSilverylutung-272] Bedore, Christine (2005). "Trachypithecus cristatus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on August 12, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[IUCNSilverylutung-273] Meijaard, E.; Nijman, V. (2020). "Trachypithecus cristatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22035A17959977. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T22035A17959977.en.

[IUCNTenasserimlutung-274] Nadler, T. (2021). "Trachypithecus barbei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T41554A17960144. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41554A17960144.en.

[IUCNWestJavanlangur-275] Setiawan, A.; Traeholt, C.; Nijman, V.; Supriatna, J. (2021) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Trachypithecus mauritius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T39849A196325582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39849A196325582.en.

[IUCNWhite-headedlangur-276] Bleisch, B.; Long, Y. (2020). "Trachypithecus leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T39872A17988378. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39872A17988378.en.

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