| Itene | |
|---|---|
| Moré | |
| Native to | Bolivia |
| Region | Beni Department |
Native speakers | 45 (2012–2020)1 |
Chapacuran
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Official status | |
Official language in |  Bolivia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ite |
| Glottolog | iten1243 |
| ELP | Itene |
 Moré is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Itene (Moré) is a Chapacuran language of Bolivia, spoken by 21 people in 1995.2 Itoreauhip is a dialect.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lab. | plain | pal. | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | pʷ̥ | t | tʲ̥ | t̠̻ | (c) | k | ʔ |
| preglottal | ˀ͡ᵖp | ˀ͡ᵖʷ̥pʷ̥ | ˀ͡ᵗt | ˀ͡ᵗʲtʲ̥ | ˀ͡ᵏk | ||||
| bilabial postvibrant | t𐞄̥ | ||||||||
| Nasal | voiced | m | mʷ | n | ɲ | ||||
| preglottal | ˀ͡ᵐ̥m | ˀ͡ᵐ̥ʷ̥mʷ | ˀ͡ⁿ̥n | ˀ͡ᶮ̥ɲ | |||||
| glottalized | mˀ͡ᵐ̥ | nˀ͡ⁿ̥ | ɲˀ͡ᶮ̥ | ||||||
| Fricative | β | s | ʒ̟ | ||||||
| Approximant | plain | w | j | h | |||||
| preglottal | ˀ͡ʷ̥w | ˀ͡ʲ̥j | |||||||
| glottalized | wˀ͡ʷ̥ | jˀ͡ʲ̥ | |||||||
- All plosives are realized as unreleased [C̚] word-finally.
- /p/ is heard as [ɸ] in initial position before /u/.
- /t/ can be heard as a tap [ɾ] between vowels.
- /k/ is palatalized to [c] when following /i/, and as [cᶜ̧] when preceding /i/ in initial position.
- /k/ and /ˀ͡ᵏk/ are heard as [kˣ] and [ˀ͡ᵏkˣ] when in initial position in free variation.
- /tʲ̥/ and /ˀ͡ᵗʲtʲ̥/ are heard as post-fricativized [t̠ᶴ] and [ˀ͡ᵗt̠ᶴ] when in initial positions.
- /ʒ̟/ is heard as a lateral [ɮ] in word-final position.
- /w/ is heard as [β] when after /ɛ/.
- /t/ and /s/ lose their phonemic contrast in the coda position, being neutralized to [t̚].3
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | u |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ |
| Low | a |
| Phoneme/Phone | Allophones | Rules |
|---|---|---|
| /i/ [i] | [ɪ̆] | /__$ˈ |
| [ʉ̞̆] | _Cʷ_ | |
| [ʉ] | ˈ_Cʷ_ | |
| [iː] | /ˈC__$ | |
| [i] | elsewhere | |
| /ɛ/ [ɛ] | [ə̆] | /__$ˈ |
| [ə] | /__C$ | |
| [əː] | /ˈC__$ | |
| [ɵ] | _Cʷ_ | |
| [ɛ̆] | /__$ˈC | |
| [ɛː] | /ˈʔ__$ | |
| [ɛ] | elsewhere | |
| /a/ [a] | [ɐ̆] | /__$ˈ |
| [aː] | /ˈC__$ | |
| [a] | elsewhere | |
| /ɔ/ [ɔ] | [ɔ̆] | /__$ˈ |
| [ɔː] | /ˈC__$ | |
| [ɔ] | elsewhere | |
| /u/ [u] | [ʊ̆] | /__$ˈ |
| [uː] | /ˈC__$ | |
| [u] | elsewhere |
See also
See also
- Wariʼ language, the only vibrant language in the same language family, spoken in Rondônia, Brazil
References
References
- Itene at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- Angenot, Geralda de Lima Vitor (2013-08-23). "FONOTÁTICA E FONOLOGIA DO LEXEMA PROTOCHAPAKURA". Revista Eletrônica Língua Viva (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 (1). ISSN 2237-9800.
- Angenot-de-Lima, Geralda (2002). Description Phonologique, Grammaticale et Lexicale du Moré, Langue Amazonienne de Bolivie et du Brésil (PDF). Vol. 1. Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden dissertation. p. 67.