| Carijona | |
|---|---|
| Hianacoto | |
| Tsahá | |
| Native to | Colombia |
| Ethnicity | 290 Carijona (2007)1 |
Native speakers | 15 (2015)2 |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cbd |
| Glottolog | cari1279 |
| ELP | Carijona |
 | |
 Carijona is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. | |
Carijona (Karihona) is a moribund Cariban language, or a pair of languages, of Colombia. It is spoken by only 15 people as of 2015.2 Derbyshire (1999) lists the varieties Hianacoto-Umaua and Carijona proper as separate languages.3
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | voiceless | t | k | |||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | tʃ | ||||
| voiced | dʒ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||
| Fricative | s | w | h | |||
| Tap | ɾ | |||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ɨ | u |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
References
References
- Carijona language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Guerrero-Beltran 2019, p. 1.
- Derbyshire, Desmond (1999). "Carib". In Dixon, R. M. W. (ed.). The Amazonian languages. Cambridge language surveys (1. publ ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–64. ISBN 978-0-521-57021-3.
- Guerrero-Beltran 2019, p. 41.
Further reading
Further reading
- Franco, Roberto (2002). Los carijonas de Chiribiquete (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Bogotá: Fundación Puerto Rastrojo. ISBN 978-958-33-4458-9.
- Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe (2019). The Grammar of Space in Karijona, a Cariban language from Northwest Amazonia (MA thesis). Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
- Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe (2016). Estructura de la oración simple en Karijona: lengua indígena de la Amazonía colombiana (BA thesis) (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.10726.14401.
- Guerrero-Beltran, David Felipe; Wojtylak, Katarzyna I. (2022). "Through space, relations, and thoughts: The system of postpositions in Karijona (Cariban, Amazonia)". Studies in Language. 46 (3): 559–593. doi:10.1075/sl.20050.gue.
- Robayo, Camilo (2000). "Avance sobre morfología carijona". In González de Pérez, María Stella; Montes Rodríguez, María Emilia (eds.). Lenguas indígenas de Colombia: una visión descriptiva. Santafé de Bogotá: ICC. pp. 171–180. ISBN 9789586110839.
- Robayo, Camilo (1997). "Babel de nuevo erigida: el caso de la lengua Carijona". In Pachón, X.; Correa, F. (eds.). Lenguas amerindias: condiciones sociolingüísticas en Colombia. Santafé de Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano Antropología. pp. 541–585. OCLC 42771230.
- Schindler, Helmut (2018). Die Karihona: eine Caribgruppe Nordwest-Amazoniens. Ethnologie. München: Herbert Utz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8316-4715-6. OCLC 1107870042.