Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 11, 2026

Work-at-home scheme

A work-at-home scheme is a deceptive or fraudulent job offer or business opportunity that promises income for work performed from home, often while requiring upfront payments, purchases, reshipping, or financial transfers. Such schemes are commonly presented as opportunities to earn easy money, become one's own boss, or work flexible hours with little experience or effort.

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A work-at-home scheme is a deceptive or fraudulent job offer or business opportunity that promises income for work performed from home, often while requiring upfront payments, purchases, reshipping, or financial transfers.1234 Such schemes are commonly presented as opportunities to earn easy money, become one's own boss, or work flexible hours with little experience or effort.567

Work-at-home schemes overlap with several other kinds of fraud, including employment fraud, bogus business opportunities, reshipping scams, and money mule schemes.891011

Characteristics

Work-at-home schemes typically promise high earnings for simple home-based tasks, remote work with minimal qualifications, or a chance to run a home business with little risk.121314 Anti-fraud agencies warn that such offers often rely on vague job descriptions, unsubstantiated earnings claims, requests for advance fees, or demands for personal and financial information.151617

In some cases, promoters falsely describe a business opportunity as a job. In the United States, the Federal Trade Commission states that sellers covered by the Business Opportunity Rule may not claim to be offering employment when they are actually selling a business opportunity.18

Common forms

Bogus business opportunities

A common type of work-at-home scheme sells a supposed home business rather than a job. Examples cited by regulators include envelope stuffing, craft assembly, vending-machine routes, medical-billing programs, and online-storefront programs marketed with deceptive earnings claims.1920

These schemes often require victims to pay for starter kits, training, leads, software, inventory, or processing fees before any income is earned.2122

Reshipping scams

In a reshipping scam, a victim is recruited to receive packages at home, repackage them, and send them to another address, often overseas.2324 Postal and law-enforcement agencies warn that the goods involved are often purchased with stolen payment information and that the worker may never be paid.2526

Money mule schemes

Some work-at-home offers recruit victims to receive, move, or transfer money on behalf of another person or business.2728 The FBI and the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre describe a money mule as a person recruited to transfer illegally obtained funds on behalf of criminals, sometimes through job advertisements and work-from-home offers.2930

Task and fake remote-job scams

More recent variants include online task scams and fake remote-job listings. In Australia, Scamwatch says these scams often promise easy work from home, short hours, and high pay, and may be distributed through social media or messaging platforms.3132 The Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre has warned about fake work-from-home jobs involving online stores and web surveys promoted through social media, text messages, and apps including WhatsApp, Telegram, Instagram, Messenger, and TikTok.33 In the United States, the FTC has warned that task scams can induce victims to pay into a platform or provide personal information rather than earn legitimate income.34

International context

Work-at-home and employment scams are reported in multiple jurisdictions and are not limited to the United States. In the United Kingdom, Action Fraud describes work-from-home scams as offers of easy money that may involve advance fees, unpaid labor, worthless products, or recruitment of additional participants before payment.35 In Australia, Scamwatch says jobs and employment scams commonly offer high pay for little effort and may be spread through social media, online ads, and messaging apps.3637 In Canada, the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre has described fake work-from-home jobs involving online-store management and survey-completion offers distributed through social media and messaging services.38

Regulation and enforcement

In the United States, certain home-based business offers are regulated under the FTC's Business Opportunity Rule, which requires business-opportunity sellers to provide prospective buyers with specified disclosures and information about earnings claims.39

Outside the United States, anti-fraud and consumer-protection bodies have also published guidance on work-at-home and fake-job scams, including Action Fraud in the United Kingdom, Scamwatch in Australia, the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, and Europol.40414243

Consequences

Victims of work-at-home schemes may lose money through fees, purchases, or unpaid labor, and may also face identity theft or legal risk if they are induced to receive stolen goods or transfer criminal proceeds.44454647

See also

See also

References

References

  1. "Job Scams". Consumer Advice. Federal Trade Commission. March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  2. "Bogus Business Opportunities". Federal Trade Commission. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  3. "Work from home scams". Action Fraud. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  4. "Jobs and employment scams". Scamwatch. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  5. "Work from home scams". Action Fraud. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  6. "Jobs and employment scams". Scamwatch. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  7. "Job". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  8. "Work-From-Home Scams and Reshipping Schemes". United States Postal Inspection Service. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  9. "Money Mules". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  10. "Money mule awareness". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  11. "Cyber Advent Calendar" (PDF). Europol. p. 14. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  12. "Job Scams". Consumer Advice. Federal Trade Commission. March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  13. "Bogus Business Opportunities". Federal Trade Commission. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  14. "Jobs and employment scams". Scamwatch. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  15. "How to avoid work-from-home job scams". Consumer Advice. Federal Trade Commission. 24 June 2025. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  16. "Work from home scams". Action Fraud. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  17. "Job". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  18. "Bogus Business Opportunities". Federal Trade Commission. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  19. "Bogus Business Opportunities". Federal Trade Commission. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  20. "Work from home scams". Action Fraud. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  21. "Selling a Work-at-Home or Other Business Opportunity?" (PDF). Federal Trade Commission. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  22. "Work from home scams". Action Fraud. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  23. "Work-From-Home Scams and Reshipping Schemes". United States Postal Inspection Service. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  24. "Cyber Advent Calendar" (PDF). Europol. p. 14. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  25. "Work-From-Home Scams and Reshipping Schemes". United States Postal Inspection Service. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  26. "Cyber Advent Calendar" (PDF). Europol. p. 14. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  27. "Money Mules". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  28. "Money mule awareness". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  29. "Money Mules". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  30. "Money mule awareness". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  31. "Scam alert: Jobs and 'side hustle' scams". Scamwatch. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. 22 January 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  32. "Scam alert: job scams on the rise". Scamwatch. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  33. "Job". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  34. "Task scams create the illusion of making money". Consumer Advice. Federal Trade Commission. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  35. "Work from home scams". Action Fraud. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  36. "Jobs and employment scams". Scamwatch. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  37. "Scam alert: job scams on the rise". Scamwatch. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  38. "Job". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  39. "Bogus Business Opportunities". Federal Trade Commission. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  40. "Work from home scams". Action Fraud. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  41. "Jobs and employment scams". Scamwatch. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  42. "Job". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. 30 May 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  43. "Cyber Advent Calendar" (PDF). Europol. p. 14. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  44. "Job Scams". Consumer Advice. Federal Trade Commission. March 2023. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  45. "Work-From-Home Scams and Reshipping Schemes". United States Postal Inspection Service. 10 June 2022. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  46. "Money Mules". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 5 March 2026.
  47. "Money mule awareness". Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre. Retrieved 5 March 2026.