Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jul 13, 2026

CS-4 (programming language)

CS-4 is a programming language and an operating system interface. It was developed in the early 1970s at Intermetrics in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first published manual was released in December 1973, entitled "CS-4 Language Reference Manual and Operating System Interface". The document had three parts: CS-4 Base Language Capabilities; CS-4 Operating System Interface; and Overview of Full CS-4 Capabilities.

Last revised
Jul 13, 2026
Read time
≈ 1 min
Length
259 w
Citations
10
Source
CS-41
Designed byIntermetrics, Inc.
DeveloperIntermetrics
First appeared26 December 1973 (1973-12-26)2
Typing disciplineunknown
Influenced by
unknown
Influenced
Praxis3

CS-41 is a programming language and an operating system interface. It was developed in the early 1970s at Intermetrics in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The first published manual was released in December 1973, entitled "CS-4 Language Reference Manual and Operating System Interface".1 The document had three parts: CS-4 Base Language Capabilities; CS-4 Operating System Interface; and Overview of Full CS-4 Capabilities.

History

The CS-4 language, was developed for the United States Navy in the 1970s as a "language extension" to CMS-2 and as "a translator for existing CMS-2 programs".4 It was an ongoing research project, which was continuing the study of extensibility and abstraction techniques to develop a requirement of the language to be simple and compact.5 The language was first documented in 1973 by Miller et al.,5 and was revised in 1975 to allow "data abstractions and more powerful extension facilities".5

Descendants

  • Praxis explicitly refers to CS-4 as a predecessor language.3
References

References

  1. Benjamin M. Brosgol; Timothy A.; James L. Felty; Joel R. Lexier; Gary M. Palter. DTIC Report Entry. INTERMETRICS INC. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016.
  2. Library of Congress. Copyright Office; Copyright Office (1976). Catalog of Copyright Entries. Library of Congress.
  3. Greenwood, J.R.; Evans, A. Jr.; Morgan, C.R.; Zarnstorff, M.C. (1980). An introduction to Praxis. doi:10.2172/6662537. OSTI 6662537. S2CID 56584406.
  4. Miller, James S. "PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE FAMILY FOR THE NAVY AADC". Retrieved 28 December 2025.
  5. Timothy A. Dreisbach; James L. Felty; Ira Greenberg. Higher-order Language Technology Evaluation (PDF). Intermetrics Inc. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2016.