| Bothriembryon | |
|---|---|
| |
| Bothriembryon dux shell | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Superfamily: | Orthalicoidea |
| Family: | Bothriembryontidae |
| Subfamily: | Bothriembryontinae |
| Genus: | Bothriembryon Pilsbry, 18941 |
| Diversity2 | |
| 43 species, 36 extant species, | |
| Synonyms3 | |
| |
Bothriembryon is a genus of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Bothriembryontidae.4
B. J. Smith (1992)5 made the last review of the genus summarizing all known data.6
Distribution
The land snail genus Bothriembryon is endemic to Australia but forms part of the Gondwanan element in the superfamily Orthalicoidea.6 Bothriembryon species are mostly patchy in their distribution.6
Fossils of Bothriembryon have been found on the Nullarbor Plain in southern Australia, dating to the late Pliocene.7
Taxonomy
This genus was classified with the Bulimulidae by Pilsbry (1900),8 Breure (1979)9 and by B. J. Smith (1992).56
It was classified in tribe Bulimulini, in subfamily Bulimulinae within the family Orthalicidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.10
Breure et al. (2010)11 moved Bothriembryon to Placostylidae.11
Breure & Romero (2012)4 confirmed previous results from 2010 and they renamed Placostylidae to Bothriembryontidae.4
Species
Species within the genus Bothriembryon include:
- Bothriembryon angasianus (Pfeiffer, 1864)6
- Bothriembryon balteolus Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon barretti Iredale, 19306
- Bothriembryon bradshaweri Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon brazieri (Angas, 1871)6
- Bothriembryon bulla (Menke, 1843)6
- † Bothriembryon consors Kendrick, 19786
- Bothriembryon costulatus (Lamarck, 1822)6
- † Bothriembryon douglasi Kendrick, 19786
- Bothriembryon dux (Pfeiffer, 1861)6
- Bothriembryon esperantia Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon fuscus Thiele, 19306
- † Bothriembryon gardneri Kendrick, 19786
- Bothriembryon glauerti Iredale, 19396
- † Bothriembryon gunnii (Sowerby II in Strzelecki, 1845)6
- Bothriembryon indutus (Menke, 1843)6
- Bothriembryon irvineanus Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon jacksoni Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon kendricki Hill, Johnson & Merrifield, 19836
- Bothriembryon kingii (J. E. Gray, 1825)6
- † Bothriembryon kremnobates Kendrick, 20056
- Bothriembryon leeuwinensis (E. A. Smith, 1894)6
- Bothriembryon mastersi (Cox, 1867)6
- Bothriembryon melo (Quoy & Gaimard, 1832)6 - synonym: Bothriembryon inflatus castaneus Pilsbry 19006
- Bothriembryon naturalistarum Kobelt, 19016
- Bothriembryon notatus Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon onslowi (Cox, 1864)6
- Bothriembryon perditus Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon perobesus Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon pilkiensis Ryan et al., 20247
- Bothriembryon praecelcus Iredale, 19396
- † Bothriembryon praecursor McMichael, 19686
- Bothriembryon revectus Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon rhodostomus (J. E. Gray, 1834)6
- Bothriembryon richeanus Iredale, 19396
- † Bothriembryon ridei Kendrick, 19786
- Bothriembryon sayi (Pfeiffer, 1847)6
- Bothriembryon sedgwicki Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon serpentinus Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon sophiarum Whisson & Breure, 20162
- Bothriembryon spenceri (Tate, 1894)6
- Bothriembryon tasmanicus (Pfeiffer, 1853)6
- Bothriembryon whitleyi Iredale, 19396
- Bothriembryon gratwicki Cox, 1899 - the taxonomic status of this species status is unclear6
References
References
This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference6
- Pilsbry H. A. (1894). The Nautilus 8: 36.
- Whisson C. S. & Breure A. S. H. (2016). "A new species of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bothriembryontidae) from south-eastern Western Australia". ZooKeys 581: 127-140. doi:10.3897/zookeys.581.8044.
- MolluscaBase (2018). Helicina. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=994701 on 2018-02-22
- Breure A. S. H. & Romero P. (2012). "Support and surprises: molecular phylogeny of the land snail superfamily Orthalicoidea using a three-locus gene analysis with a divergence time analysis and ancestral area reconstruction (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde: International Journal of Malacology 141(1): 1-20. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/1869-0963/141/001-020.
- Smith B. J. (1992) "Non-marine Mollusca". In: Houston W. W. K. (Ed). Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 8. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, xii + 405 pp.
- Breure A. S. H. & Whisson C. S. (2012) "Annotated type catalogue of Bothriembryon (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in Australian museums, with a compilation of types in other museums". ZooKyes 194: 41-80. doi:10.3897/zookeys.194.2721.
- Ryan, Helen E.; Travouillon, Kenny J.; Milne, Lynne A.; Martin, Sarah K.; Thorn, Kailah M.; Whisson, Corey S. (2024-04-10). "A new Bothriembryon from the Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia, with insights on the age of Bothriembryon praecursor from Kangaroo Well, Northern Territory". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–16. doi:10.1080/03115518.2024.2323472. ISSN 0311-5518.
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Pilsbry H. A. (1900). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 13. Australasian Bulimulidae: Bothriembryon, Placostylus. Helicidae: Amphidromus. 253 pp., 72 plates.
- Breure A.S. H. (1979) "Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)". Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden 168: 1-215.
- Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
- Breure A. S. H., Groenenberg D. S. J. & Schilthuizen M. (2010). "New insights in the phylogenetic relations within the Orthalicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) based on 28S sequence data". Basteria 74(1-3): 25-31.