Apolipoprotein A-II

Available protein structures:
PDB	IPR006801 PF04711 (ECOD; PDBsum)
AlphaFold	IPR006801; PF04711;

ApoA-II
ApoA-II
	structures of apolipoprotein a-ii and a lipid surrogate complex provide insights into apolipoprotein-lipid interactions
Identifiers
Symbol	ApoA-II
Pfam	PF04711
InterPro	IPR006801
SCOP2	1l6k / SCOPe / SUPFAM
PDB
Available protein structures:
PDB	IPR006801 PF04711 (ECOD; PDBsum)
AlphaFold	IPR006801; PF04711;

APOA2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1L6L, 2OU1
Identifiers
Aliases	APOA2, Apo-AII, ApoA-II, apoAII, Apolipoprotein A2
External IDs	OMIM: 107670; MGI: 88050; HomoloGene: 1242; GeneCards: APOA2; OMA:APOA2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)
End	161,223,631 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (mouse)
End	171,053,948 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	right lobe of liver; ; epithelium of colon; ; testicle; ; monocyte; ; gonad; ; bone marrow cell; ; granulocyte; ; left uterine tube; ; tendon of biceps brachii; ; blood;
	Top expressed in
	left lobe of liver; ; yolk sac; ; fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell; ; human fetus; ; abdominal wall; ; right kidney; ; embryo; ; blastocyst; ; proximal tubule; ; sexually immature organism;
	More reference expression data
	; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	lipase inhibitor activity; protein homodimerization activity; phosphatidylcholine binding; lipid transporter activity; apolipoprotein receptor binding; high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding; cholesterol binding; protein binding; protein heterodimerization activity; phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity; phospholipid binding; cholesterol transfer activity; lipid binding; high-density lipoprotein particle binding; heat shock protein binding; signaling receptor binding;
Cellular component	cytosol; blood microparticle; endoplasmic reticulum lumen; chylomicron; very-low-density lipoprotein particle; spherical high-density lipoprotein particle; extracellular region; early endosome; high-density lipoprotein particle; extracellular exosome; extracellular space;
Biological process	negative regulation of cholesterol import; negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; diacylglycerol catabolic process; lipid transport; regulation of protein stability; positive regulation of cholesterol esterification; phospholipid efflux; cholesterol transport; positive regulation of lipid catabolic process; response to glucocorticoid; negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response; response to glucose; high-density lipoprotein particle assembly; retinoid metabolic process; response to estrogen; high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; negative regulation of lipase activity; regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption; low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling; acute inflammatory response; animal organ regeneration; phospholipid catabolic process; peptidyl-methionine modification; cholesterol efflux; negative regulation of cholesterol transport; cholesterol homeostasis; phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process; negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity; viral process; negative regulation of lipid catabolic process; triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling; triglyceride metabolic process; reverse cholesterol transport; high-density lipoprotein particle clearance; positive regulation of catalytic activity; cholesterol metabolic process; regulation of lipid metabolic process; chylomicron remodeling; chylomicron assembly; lipoprotein metabolic process; post-translational protein modification; transport; positive regulation of phagocytosis; protein stabilization;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	336
	11807
	ENSG00000158874
	ENSMUSG00000005681
	P02652
	P09813
	NM_001643
	NM_013474; NM_001305549; NM_001305550; NM_001305585
	NP_001634
	NP_001292478; NP_001292479; NP_001292514; NP_038502
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Apolipoprotein A-II is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOA2 gene.⁵ It is the second most abundant protein of the high density lipoprotein particles. The protein is found in plasma as a monomer, homodimer, or heterodimer with apolipoprotein D. ApoA-II regulates many steps in HDL metabolism, and its role in coronary heart disease is unclear.⁶ Defects in this gene may result in apolipoprotein A-II deficiency or hypercholesterolemia.⁷

Interactions

ApoA-II has been shown to interact with phospholipid transfer protein.⁸

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{§ 1}

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Statin pathway edit

The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000158874 – Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005681 – Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Tsao YK, Wei CF, Robberson DL, Gotto AM, Chan L (Dec 1985). "Isolation and characterization of the human apolipoprotein A-II gene. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA:DNA hybrids, nucleotide sequence, identification of a polymorphic MspI site, and general structural organization of apolipoprotein genes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 260 (28): 15222–15231. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95725-X. PMID 2415515.
Tailleux A, Duriez P, Fruchart JC, Clavey V (September 2002). "Apolipoprotein A-II, HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis". Atherosclerosis. 164 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00751-1. PMID 12119188.
"Entrez Gene: APOA2 apolipoprotein A-II".
Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, et al. (Jan 1998). "Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I". Journal of Lipid Research. 39 (1): 152–161. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5. PMID 9469594.

External links

Human APOA2 genome location and APOA2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Further reading

Blanco-Vaca F, Escolà-Gil JC, Martín-Campos JM, Julve J (Nov 2001). "Role of apoA-II in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis: advances in the study of an enigmatic protein". Journal of Lipid Research. 42 (11): 1727–1739. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)31499-1. PMID 11714842.
Kalopissis AD, Pastier D, Chambaz J (Apr 2003). "Apolipoprotein A-II: beyond genetic associations with lipid disorders and insulin resistance". Current Opinion in Lipidology. 14 (2): 165–172. doi:10.1097/00041433-200304000-00008. PMID 12642785. S2CID 7365994.
Vollmer E, Brust J, Roessner A, Bosse A, Burwikel F, Kaesberg B, et al. (1991). "Distribution patterns of apolipoproteins A1, A2, and B in the wall of atherosclerotic vessels". Virchows Archiv. A, Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology. 419 (2): 79–88. doi:10.1007/BF01600220. PMID 1908160. S2CID 31793659.
Deeb SS, Takata K, Peng RL, Kajiyama G, Albers JJ (Apr 1990). "A splice-junction mutation responsible for familial apolipoprotein A-II deficiency". American Journal of Human Genetics. 46 (4): 822–827. PMC 1683675. PMID 2107739.
Gordon JI, Sims HF, Edelstein C, Scanu AM, Strauss AW (Nov 1985). "Extracellular processing of proapolipoprotein A-II in Hep G2 cell cultures is mediated by a 54-kDa protease immunologically related to cathepsin B". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 260 (27): 14824–14831. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)38646-5. PMID 2414299.
Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB (Jun 1985). "The human apolipoprotein A-II gene: complete nucleic acid sequence and genomic organization". Nucleic Acids Research. 13 (12): 4597–4608. doi:10.1093/nar/13.12.4597. PMC 321808. PMID 2989800.
Knott TJ, Wallis SC, Robertson ME, Priestley LM, Urdea M, Rall LB, et al. (Sep 1985). "The human apolipoprotein AII gene: structural organization and sites of expression". Nucleic Acids Research. 13 (17): 6387–6398. doi:10.1093/nar/13.17.6387. PMC 321960. PMID 2995928.
Chan L, Moore MN, Tsao YK (1986). "Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human apolipoprotein A-II cDNA". Plasma Lipoproteins Part A: Preparation, Structure, and Molecular Biology. Vol. 128. pp. 745–752. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(86)28103-3. ISBN 978-0-12-182028-2. PMID 3088392.
Middleton-Price HR, van den Berghe JA, Scott J, Knott TJ, Malcolm S (Jul 1988). "Regional chromosomal localisation of APOA2 to 1q21-1q23". Human Genetics. 79 (3): 283–285. doi:10.1007/BF00366253. PMID 3136074. S2CID 35574652.
Shelley CS, Sharpe CR, Baralle FE, Shoulders CC (Nov 1985). "Comparison of the human apolipoprotein genes. Apo AII presents a unique functional intron-exon junction". Journal of Molecular Biology. 186 (1): 43–51. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(85)90255-4. PMID 3935800.
Brewer HB, Lux SE, Ronan R, John KM (May 1972). "Amino acid sequence of human apoLp-Gln-II (apoA-II), an apolipoprotein isolated from the high-density lipoprotein complex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 69 (5): 1304–1308. Bibcode:1972PNAS...69.1304B. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.5.1304. PMC 426687. PMID 4338591.
Lux SE, John KM, Ronan R, Brewer HB (Dec 1972). "Isolation and characterization of the tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides of apoLp-Gln-II (apoA-II), plasma high density apolipoprotein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 247 (23): 7519–7527. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)44556-0. PMID 4344225.
Moore MN, Kao FT, Tsao YK, Chan L (Aug 1984). "Human apolipoprotein A-II: nucleotide sequence of a cloned cDNA, and localization of its structural gene on human chromosome 1". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 123 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(84)90371-1. PMID 6089788.
Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB (Sep 1984). "Human apolipoprotein A-II: complete nucleic acid sequence of preproapo A-II". FEBS Letters. 175 (1): 159–164. Bibcode:1984FEBSL.175..159L. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(84)80590-6. PMID 6090207. S2CID 9320651.
Gordon JI, Budelier KA, Sims HF, Edelstein C, Scanu AM, Strauss AW (Nov 1983). "Biosynthesis of human preproapolipoprotein A-II". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 258 (22): 14054–14059. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44023-3. PMID 6315718.
Sharpe CR, Sidoli A, Shelley CS, Lucero MA, Shoulders CC, Baralle FE (May 1984). "Human apolipoproteins AI, AII, CII and CIII. cDNA sequences and mRNA abundance". Nucleic Acids Research. 12 (9): 3917–3932. doi:10.1093/nar/12.9.3917. PMC 318799. PMID 6328445.
Stoffel W, Krüger E, Deutzmann R (Mar 1983). "Cell-free translation of human liver apolipoprotein AI and AII mRNA. Processing of primary translation products". Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie. 364 (3): 227–237. doi:10.1515/bchm2.1983.364.1.227. PMID 6407957.
Knott TJ, Priestley LM, Urdea M, Scott J (May 1984). "Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA encoding the precursor for human apolipoprotein AII". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 120 (3): 734–740. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(84)80168-0. PMID 6428397.
Lackner KJ, Law SW, Brewer HB, Sakaguchi AY, Naylor SL (Aug 1984). "The human apolipoprotein A-II gene is located on chromosome 1". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 122 (3): 877–883. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(84)91172-0. PMID 6433912.

[WikiPathways-9] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "Statin_Pathway_WP430".

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000158874 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005681 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid2415515-5] Tsao YK, Wei CF, Robberson DL, Gotto AM, Chan L (Dec 1985). "Isolation and characterization of the human apolipoprotein A-II gene. Electron microscopic analysis of RNA:DNA hybrids, nucleotide sequence, identification of a polymorphic MspI site, and general structural organization of apolipoprotein genes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 260 (28): 15222–15231. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95725-X. PMID 2415515.

[6] Tailleux A, Duriez P, Fruchart JC, Clavey V (September 2002). "Apolipoprotein A-II, HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis". Atherosclerosis. 164 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00751-1. PMID 12119188.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: APOA2 apolipoprotein A-II".

[pmid9469594-8] Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, et al. (Jan 1998). "Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I". Journal of Lipid Research. 39 (1): 152–161. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5. PMID 9469594.

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