| Gregorian calendar | 1391 MCCCXCI |
|---|---|
| Ab urbe condita | 2144 |
| Armenian calendar | 840 ԹՎ ՊԽ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6141 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1312–1313 |
| Bengali calendar | 797–798 |
| Berber calendar | 2341 |
| English Regnal year | 14 Ric. 2 – 15 Ric. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1935 |
| Burmese calendar | 753 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6899–6900 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚午年 (Metal Horse) 4088 or 3881 — to — 辛未年 (Metal Goat) 4089 or 3882 |
| Coptic calendar | 1107–1108 |
| Discordian calendar | 2557 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1383–1384 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5151–5152 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1447–1448 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1312–1313 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4491–4492 |
| Holocene calendar | 11391 |
| Igbo calendar | 391–392 |
| Iranian calendar | 769–770 |
| Islamic calendar | 793–794 |
| Japanese calendar | Meitoku 2 (明徳２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1304–1305 |
| Julian calendar | 1391 MCCCXCI |
| Korean calendar | 3724 |
| Minguo calendar | 521 before ROC 民前521年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −77 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1933–1934 |
| Tibetan calendar | ལྕགས་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Iron-Horse) 1517 or 1136 or 364 — to — ལྕགས་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Iron-Sheep) 1518 or 1137 or 365 |
Year 1391 (MCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 16 – Yusuf II succeeds Muhammed V, as Nasrid Sultan of Granada (now southern Spain).1
- January 21 – Vytautas the Great, claimant to the throne of Lithuania, forges an alliance with the Grand Duchy of Moscow as his daughter, Sophia marries Vasily, Grand Prince of Muscovy.2
- February 16 –Manuel II Palaiologos becomes Byzantine emperor after his father, John V Palaiologos, dies from a nervous breakdown, due to his continued humiliation by the Ottoman Empire.3
- March 4– The University of Ferrara is founded on the Italian Peninsula.4
- March 10 – Stephen Dabiša succeeds Stephen Tvrtko I, as King of Bosnia.5
- March 12 – Konrad von Wallenrode succeeds Konrad Zöllner von Rotenstein, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.6
April–June
- April 1 – Rebelling against the rule of King Martin of Sicily, the rebel Brancaleone Doria begins the takeover of the island of Sardinia by laying siege to the Castel di Cagliari.7
- April 6 – Antoniotto Adorno returns to office as Doge of the Republic of Genoa after persuading Doge Giacomo Fregoso (who had replaced him eight months earlier) to resign.8
- May 27 – Dominique de Flourence, Bishop of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières, helps conclude a peace agreement between the Kingdom of France and the Crown of Castile, based on his influence as France's legate to King Juan I of Castile.9
- June 6 – Massacre of 1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms erupt in Seville, Spain.10 Many thousands of Jews are massacred, and the violence spreads throughout Spain and Portugal, especially to Toledo, Barcelona and Mallorca. This event marks a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews, with most of the survivors leaving the Iberian Peninsula or being forced to convert.
July–September
- July 18 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war – Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde, in present day southeast Russia.11
- August 16 – Brancaleone Doria takes control of Sassari and Osilo as he gains further power in Sardinia.7
- September 7 – King Richard II summons the English Parliament and directs the members to assemble at Winchester on November 3.
October–December
- October 3 – Brancaleone Doria captures Villa di Chiesa in Sardinia.7
- October 7 – Bridget of Sweden is canonized by Pope Boniface IX.
- November 2 – At Chambéry (now in France), Amadeus the Peaceful becomes the new Count of Savoy at the age of 812 upon the death from tetanus of his 31-year-old father, Amadeus VII, the Red Count, who was injured in a hunting accident.13 Bonne of Bourbon, the mother of the older Amadeus, serves as regent for her grandson until 1397.
- November 2 – Al-Nasir Muhammad Salah al-Din, Imam of the Zaydi sect of Shia Islam in Yemen, dies at San'a from injuries sustained from being thrown off of his mule.14 Nasir's death is not announced for two months while his son Al-Mansur Ali bin Salah ad-Din becomes the new Imam but three other claimants attempt to claim the office as well.15
- November 3 – King Richard II opens the new session of Parliament at Westminster.
- December 3 – The Parliament ends its session after passing numerous acts, and King Richard gives royal assent to multiple acts, including the Forcible Entry Act 1391 and the Admiralty Jurisdiction Act 1391.16
- December 29 – Representatives of Prince Amadeo of Savoy meet with Nerio I Acciaioli, Duke of Athens at the Acropolis in a pact against the Navarrese Company. The parties agree to oppose the Navarrese control of Morea and Nerio agrees to recognize Amadeo as Prince of Achaea.17
- December 25 – Jean II Le Maingre is named as the Marshal of France by King Charles V in a ceremony at the cathedral of St. Martin at Tours. 18
- December – At Suceava, Roman I succeeds Petru Mușat, as Prince of Moldavia (now Moldova and northeastern Romania).19
Date unknown
- Shah Mansur becomes leader of the Timurid-occupied Muzaffarid Empire, in central Persia.
- A group of Muzaffarids under Zafar Khan Muzaffar establish a new Sultanate at Gujarat, in western India.
- Ushkuinik pirates from Novgorod sack the Muscovy towns of Zhukotin and Kazan.
- Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, takes control of the Shetland Islands and the Faroe Islands.
Births
- June 24 – Joan of France, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1433)
- July 31 – Cyriacus of Ancona, Italian merchant, "father of archaeology" (d. 1453/5)
- October 31 – Edward, King of Portugal (d. 1438)
- November 6 – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (d. 1425)
- Gedun Drub, 1st Dalai Lama (d. 1474)
- Thomas West, 2nd Baron West, English soldier (d. 1415)
Deaths
- January 16 – Emir Muhammed V of Granada (b. 1338)
- February 16 – John V Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1332)
- March 10 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia (b. 1338)
- November 1 – Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy (b. 1360)
- Gaston III, Count of Foix, co-prince of Andorra
- date unknown
- Petru, Prince of Moldavia
- Margaret, Countess of Mar (approximate date)
References
References
- Harvey, Leonard Patrick (1990). Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500. University of Chigaco Press. p. 219. ISBN 0226319628.
- "Sofija Vytautaitė", in Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia), ed. by Edvardas Gudavičius and Algirdas Matulevičius (2021)
- Barker, John W. (1969). Manuel II Palaeologus (1391-1425); a study in late Byzantine statesmanship. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. pp. xxiv. ISBN 0-8135-0582-8. OCLC 11370.
- Saletti, Beatrice (2020). "Loyalty to the church, loyalty to the duke: conflicts of power in late medieval Ferrara". In Fuller, Amy; McCallum, John; Hodgson, Natasha; Morton, Nicholas (eds.). Religion and Conflict in Medieval and Early Modern Worlds: Identities, Communities and Authorities. Taylor & Francis. pp. 223–238. ISBN 9780429836008.
- Ćirković, Sima (1964). Историја средњовековне босанске државе [History of the medieval Bosnian state] (in Serbo-Croatian). Srpska književna zadruga (Serbian Literary Cooperative). p. 165.
- Feldkamp, Michael F. (2002). Regentenlisten und Stammtafeln zur Geschichte Europas: vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart [Lists of rulers and genealogical tables on the history of Europe: from the Middle Ages to the present] (in German). Stuttgart: Reclam. p. 293. ISBN 9783150170342.
- Fusero, Clemente (1973). I Doria. dall'Oglio.
- Oreste, Giuseppe (1960). "Dizionario biografico degli Italiano".
- Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). Hierarchia catholica IV (1592-1667). Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. Retrieved 2016-07-06. p. 219
- Freund, Scarlett; Ruiz (1994). "Jews, Conversos, and the Inquisition in Spain, 1391–1492: The Ambiguities of History". In Perry, Marvin; Schweitzer, Frederick M. (eds.). Jewish-Christian Encounters Over the Centuries: Symbiosis, Prejudice, Holocaust, Dialogue. P. Lang. pp. 169–195. ISBN 978-0-8204-2082-0.
- Tucker, Spencer C. (2009-12-23). A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. p. 428. ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5.
- Max Bruchet, Le château de Ripaille. (in French). (Paris: Delagrave 1907) pp. 43–48; 50–54
- Bernard Andenmatten: "Amadeus VII of Savoy" in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 8 June 2022.
- Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VII (Leiden 1993) p. 996.
- Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VII (Leiden 1993) p. 1218
- Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1972. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-11-840096-1 – via Google Books.
- Setton, Kenneth M. (general editor) A History of the Crusades: Volume III – The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Harry W. Hazard, editor. University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 1975
- Lalande, Denis, Jean II le Meingre, dit Boucicaut: (1366–1421) - étude d'une biographie héroïque, Genève 1988.
- Meyer Setton, Kenneth (1976). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 9780871691149.
- Jasiński, Kazimierz (1998). Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich [The Pedigree of the Masovian Piasts]. Poznań - Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Historyczne (Historical Publishing House). p. 97. ISBN 83-913563-0-2.