Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Aug 9, 2026

YZG-331

YZG-331, also known as N6-[(S)-1-(phenyl)propyl]adenosine, is an adenosine receptor agonist which is or was under investigation for the potential treatment of insomnia.

Last revised
Aug 9, 2026
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≈ 2 min
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381 w
Citations
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Wikipedia ↗
YZG-331
Clinical data
Other namesN6-[(S)-1-(Phenyl)propyl]adenosine
Drug classAdenosine receptor agonist; Sedative; Hypnotic
ATC code
  • None
Identifiers
  • (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[6-[[(1S)-1-phenylpropyl]amino]purin-9-yl]oxolane-3,4-diol
PubChem CID
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H23N5O4
Molar mass385.424 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC[C@@H](C1=CC=CC=C1)NC2=C3C(=NC=N2)N(C=N3)[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O
  • InChI=1S/C19H23N5O4/c1-2-12(11-6-4-3-5-7-11)23-17-14-18(21-9-20-17)24(10-22-14)19-16(27)15(26)13(8-25)28-19/h3-7,9-10,12-13,15-16,19,25-27H,2,8H2,1H3,(H,20,21,23)/t12-,13+,15+,16+,19+/m0/s1
  • Key:RRRLUFHDFDNPMZ-BPAMBQHCSA-N

YZG-331, also known as N6-[(S)-1-(phenyl)propyl]adenosine, is an adenosine receptor agonist which is or was under investigation for the potential treatment of insomnia.123

Pharmacology

The drug appears to act through the adenosine A1 and A2A receptors.3 It produces sedative and hypnotic effects and hypolocomotion in animals.3 The drug is orally active and crosses the blood–brain barrier, although its intestinal absorption and central permeability may be reduced by its P-glycoprotein substrate activity.45 It is a synthetic derivative of adenosine and of N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)adenine riboside (NHBA).53 The latter compound is found in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata.53

Development

YZG-331 was first described in the scientific literature by at least 2014.6 As of 2025, it has reached the preclinical research stage of development.1

See also

See also

References

References

  1. "Delving into the Latest Updates on YZG-331 with Synapse". Synapse. 8 May 2025. Retrieved 6 October 2025.
  2. Atkin T, Comai S, Gobbi G (April 2018). "Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery". Pharmacological Reviews. 70 (2): 197–245. doi:10.1124/pr.117.014381. PMID 29487083. 1. Adenosine Receptor Agonist. YZG-331 is a promising sedative hypnotic and adenosine analog that exerts its effects by binding to the adenosine receptor. (See the Other Receptors section for a review of the pharmacology of A1A and A2A.)
  3. Tang B, Yu Y, Yu F, Fang J, Wang G, Jiang J, et al. (June 2022). "The mechanism study of YZG-331 on sedative and hypnotic effects". Behavioural Brain Research. 428 113885. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113885. PMID 35398229.
  4. Chaturvedi S, Rashid M, Malik MY, Agarwal A, Singh SK, Gayen JR, et al. (May 2019). "Neuropharmacokinetics: a bridging tool between CNS drug development and therapeutic outcome". Drug Discovery Today. 24 (5): 1166–1175. doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2019.02.007. PMID 30898661.
  5. Liu Z, Mi J, Yang S, Zhao M, Li Y, Sheng L (November 2016). "Effects of P-glycoprotein on the intestine and blood-brain barrier transport of YZG-331, a promising sedative-hypnotic compound". European Journal of Pharmacology. 791: 339–347. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.039. PMID 27612629.
  6. Liu Z, Sheng L, Li Y (January 2014). "Determination of YZG-331 in mouse plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 944: 6–10. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.041. PMID 24291606.