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| Clinical data | |
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| Other names | Tomscalin |
| Drug class | Serotonin receptor modulator |
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| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C12H17NO3 |
| Molar mass | 223.272 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Tomscaline is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor modulator of the phenethylamine and scaline families related to TCB-2.1 It is a cyclized phenethylamine and derivative of the psychedelic drug mescaline where the side chain has been cyclized with the benzene ring to form a benzocyclobutene ring system.1
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Tomscaline shows affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, and 5-HT1A receptors.1 Its affinities (Ki) were 111 nM for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 56 nM for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor, and 160 nM for the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor.1 Compared to mescaline, tomscaline showed 3.3-fold higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, 6.8-fold higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor, and 18.4-fold higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor.1 Its functional activities at these serotonin receptors and its effects in animals and humans do not appear to have been studied.1
Chemistry
Analogues
Analogues of tomscaline include TCB-2, 2CBCB-NBOMe, jimscaline, and bromotomscaline, among others.1 Bromotomscaline, which is a derivative of tomscaline, shows dramatically or more than 10-fold higher affinities for the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors than tomscaline itself.1
History
Tomscaline was first described in the scientific literature by Daniel Trachsel and colleagues in their 2013 book Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion (Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function).1 It was originally synthesized and studied by David E. Nichols and colleagues at Purdue University, who provided information about tomscaline to Trachsel and colleagues via personal communication in 2010.1
Society and culture
Legal status
Canada
Tomscaline is not a controlled substance in Canada as of 2025.2
References
References
- Trachsel D, Lehmann D, Enzensperger C (2013). Phenethylamine: von der Struktur zur Funktion [Phenethylamines: From Structure to Function]. Nachtschatten-Science (in German) (1 ed.). Solothurn: Nachtschatten-Verlag. pp. 909–910. ISBN 978-3-03788-700-4. OCLC 858805226. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
Die beiden Benzocycloalkenderivate Bromotomscalin (60) und Bromojimscalin (61) wurden ebenfalls durch die Gruppe von Nichols untersucht [27]; sie sind Bromoderivate von rigidisierten Mescalinanaloga (Tomscalin (62) und Jimscalin (63), siehe auch Kapitel 8.4.7). Bromotomscalin (60) zeigte hohe Affinitäten zu [125I]DOI markierten 5-HT2A- und 5-HT2C Rezeptoren und war jeweils rund 10-mal affiner als das bromfreie Tomscalin (62. Ki-Werte Sind unter den Strukturen gegeben) [27]. Bromojimscalin (61) war etwas weniger affin zu den 5-HT2A- und 5-HT2C-Bindungsstellen, jedoch zeigte es zusammen mit Jimscalin (63) recht hohe Affinitäten zum [3H]8-OH-DPAT markierten 5-HT1A-Rezeptor [27]. Die bei den Subs- tanzen 53, 55, 56 und 59 (Tabelle 2) beobachteten erhöhten 5-HT1A-Rezeptoraffinitäten im Vergleich zu Mescalin (2) könnten von einer (durch sterische Repulsion bedingten) günstigeren Konformation der Ethylaminseitenkette herrühren; das zum 5-HT1A-Rezeptor hochaffine Jimscalin (63) könnte durch seine konformationelle Einschränkung der Seitenkette diese günstige Bindungsorientierung aufweisen. [...] [27] D. E. Nichols. Persönliche Mitteilung, 2010.
- "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act". Department of Justice Canada. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
