Tomášek (feminine Tomášková) is a common Czech surname, meaning "little Thomas". Notable people include:
- Bohumil Tomášek, Czech basketball player
- David Tomášek (born 1996), Czech professional ice hockey player
- František Tomášek (1899–1992), archbishop of Prague, cardinal
- Josef Tomášek (1904–1979), Czech water polo player
- Juraj Tomášek (born 1988), Slovak football midfielder
- Martin Tomášek, Czech ice hockey player
- Rudolf Tomášek (1937–2025), Czech pole vaulter
- Václav Tomášek (1774–1850), Czech composer
Notable people with the Germanized version of the surname Tomaschek include:
- Róbert Tomaschek (born 1972), Slovak footballer
- Rudolf Tomaschek (1895–1966), a German experimental physicist
- Wilhelm Tomaschek (1841–1901), a Czech-Austrian geographer and orientalist