Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jul 19, 2026

Storm Samuel

Storm Samuel, also known as Medicane Samuel, Cyclone Samuel, or Storm Jolina, was a rare March Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone (medicane) that impacted the Central Mediterranean in March 2026. The storm was first identified as a cold-core extratropical cyclone and, on 15 March, was named Samuel by National Meteorological Service of Andorra. On 17 March, the FUB gave the storm the name Jolina. That same day, the system transitioned into a medicane before eventually dissipating on 19 March after making landfall in Libya.

Last revised
Jul 19, 2026
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≈ 5 min
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Wikipedia ↗
Storm Samuel (Jolina)
Storm Samuel near peak intensity whilst making landfall in Libya on 18 March
Meteorological history
Formed15 March 2026
Dissipated19 March 2026
Subtropical storm
1-minute sustained (SSHWS)
Highest winds75 km/h (50 mph)
Highest gusts85 km/h (55 mph) recorded at Tripoli
Lowest pressure993 hPa (mbar); 29.32 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities1
Injuries4
Areas affected
Spain, Italy (especially Calabria), Libya, Egypt
Part of the 2025–26 European windstorm season

Storm Samuel, also known as Medicane Samuel, Cyclone Samuel, or Storm Jolina, was a rare March Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone (medicane) that impacted the Central Mediterranean in March 2026. The storm was first identified as a cold-core extratropical cyclone and, on 15 March, was named Samuel by National Meteorological Service of Andorra.12 On 17 March, the FUB gave the storm the name Jolina.3 That same day, the system transitioned into a medicane before eventually dissipating on 19 March after making landfall in Libya.3

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
source ↗

Early on 14 March, an elongated cold front of a large North Atlantic extratropical low underwent leeward cyclogenesis as it was located near the Pyrenees. The next day, the new low was named Samuel by the National Meteorological Service of Andorra before being tracked by AEMET.45 The frontal low slowly meandered eastwards in the central Mediterranean, gaining the name Jolina from FUB.67 As the frontal zone of Samuel reached the western Central Mediterranean Sea, a secondary low pressure center formed south of Sicily, quickly becoming the dominant center as it deepened for several hours.4

RGB water vapor loop of Storm Samuel traversing the Central Mediterranean Sea during the middle of March. source ↗

Microwave soundings and ECMWF model temperature distribution plots began to observe a gradual warm-core occlusion process taking place, transitioning from a cold-core to warm-core system as the scattered convective cluster began decaying from its nearby frontal boundaries,48 thunderstorm activity followed suit through strong dynamical forcing as Samuel embedded under a pocket of upper-level cold air aloft.9 ASCAT and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data began to observe a formative eye-like structure as Samuel became stationed over 17°C sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and was located in a low shear environment late on 17 March where it gained subtropical characteristics, Samuel underwent a quick organization phase shortly before landfall developing a strong curved band signature that wrapped around the cyclone’s center.4

Samuel made landfall near Brega, Libya at 08:00 UTC on 18 March, quickly weakening inland as it moved over the desert area, degenerating into a low pressure area and then dissipating near the Egyptian border on 19 March.410 Prior to landfall, a 20:30 UTC ASCAT-C pass on the 16th recorded 1-minute sustained winds of 75–80 kilometres per hour (45–50 mph), it further organized shortly after the warm-core occlusion and maintained its 50 mph intensity at landfall.4

Impact

Spain

During its initial phase, Samuel produced strong wind gusts across numerous areas of Spain, with the strongest recorded being 160 kilometres per hour (100 mph) near Barcelona and Girona province. Wave heights near Puertos del Estado reached 13 metres (43 ft). These strong winds and rough seas caused power outages across states such as Catalonia, Basque Country, and Galicia. Gusts reached up to 140 kilometres per hour (85 mph) in some locations of Catalonia.5 Four people were injured in Spain due to the impacts related to Storm Samuel.11

Italy

While meandering in the Central Mediterranean, Samuel caused significant damage across Southern Italy, particularly in the region of Calabria where gale-force winds, prolonged heavy rainfall, and localized hailstorms led to landslides and widespread flooding. Unofficial reports mention Calabria received over 220 millimetres (8.7 in) of rain in just 24 hours on 17 March. School closures as a result from orange alerts were in effect across much of the country, rainfall continued along surrounding regions of Italy such as Sicily and Basilicata leading to further traffic disruptions. At least 80 people in Cosenza had to be evacuated where impacts were most significant due to rockslides.12

Libya

Upon landfall on 18 March, Samuel brought moderate to heavy rains and wind gusts exceeding 90 kilometres per hour (55 mph), causing significant flooding in and around the surrounding areas of Tripoli, stranding vehicles and individuals. Satellite analysis confirmed a massive dust advection pulled from the Sahara into the Mediterranean by the storm's intense circulation.3 One person died while rescuing people stuck in floodwaters in Tajoura.13

Egypt

As the remnants of Samuel persisted inland Egypt on 18 March, lingering thunderstorms brought accompanying lightning and strong winds gusting to around 60–70 km/h (35–45 mph). Visibility was reduced to less than 1,000 meters (3,820 ft) in some areas from Saharan dust, and heavy rainfall that posed a flash flood threat across much of the Sinai peninsula and Upper Egypt.14 Maritime conditions and navigation were disrupted off the Mediterranean coast with wave heights reaching 2.5–3 m (8–10 ft). However, no major damage was recorded.1516

See also

See also

References

References

  1. "Borrascas y danas con gran impacto de la temporada 2025–2026" [Storms and major low-pressure areas of the 2025–2026 season] (in Spanish). State Meteorological Agency. 6 January 2026. Retrieved 7 January 2026.
  2. "Medicane Jolina/Samuel impacts Mediterranean". user.eumetsat.int. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  3. "Intense Cyclone Causes Massive Dust Advection Over Mediterranean". cimss.ssec.wisc.edu. 17 March 2026. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  4. Hérincs, Dávid. "MEDITERRANEAN TROPICAL CYCLONE REPORT: Storm Samuel" (PDF). Zivipotty.hu. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
  5. "Storm Samuel, the 18th of the season, sets a record for storms in the western Mediterranean". Meteorologiaenred. 18 March 2026.
  6. "Dust storm and rain forecast as unstable weather sets in Egypt on Wednesday". ahram. 17 March 2026.
  7. "Posible medicane en el Mediterráneo central: Samuel/Jolina". Meteored España (in European Spanish). 17 March 2026. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  8. "Getting to the core of a medicane". www.esa.int. Retrieved 28 March 2026.
  9. "Medicane Jolina/Samuel impacts Mediterranean". user.eumetsat.int. Retrieved 7 May 2026.
  10. "Meet the medicane, a hurricane's Mediterranean cousin". The Washington Post. 19 March 2026. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 20 March 2026.
  11. Trelinski, Alex (16 March 2026). "WATCH: Four people injured after Storm Samuel hits Spain - including gale-force 160km/h winds and record 13-metre-tall waves". Olive Press News Spain. Retrieved 17 March 2026.
  12. Blašković, Teo (17 March 2026). "Landslide above Crosia homes triggers evacuations as floods impact Ionian coast of Cosenza, Italy". The Watchers. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
  13. "Tripoli declares holiday as severe weather hits western Libya | The Libya Observer". libyaobserver.ly. 17 March 2026. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  14. Al-Youm, Al-Masry (18 March 2026). "Unstable weather across Egypt during Eid al-Fitr, with possible rainfall and flooding". Egypt Independent. Retrieved 20 March 2026.
  15. "Dust storm and rain forecast as unstable weather sets in Egypt ahead of Eid - Society - Egypt". Ahram Online. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
  16. "What to know about 'Al Hussom Storm' that hit Egypt". EgyptToday. 14 March 2026. Retrieved 19 March 2026.
External links