| Spirama | |
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| Spirama sp., Sri Lanka | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Tribe: | Hypopyrini |
| Genus: | Spirama Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 18521 |
| Synonyms | |
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Spirama is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae first described by Achille Guenée in 1852.
Description
Antennae usually minutely fasciculate (bundled) in the male. The tibia is not hairy and mid-tibia spined. Palpi with second joint reaching vertex of head and third joint naked. Thorax and abdomen smoothly clothed with hair. Forewings with nearly rectangular apex. Hindwings with vein 5 from the lower angle of the cell, which is rather short.2
Defensive display
Some of the species, such as S. helicina, S. indenta, S. recessa, S. remota and S. sumbana, have a pattern on the wings that looks like the frontal view of the face of a snake with a slightly opened mouth. This pattern is more clearly discernible in females. It may intimidate potential predators and dissuade them from attacking.3
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Species
- Spirama biformis Hulstaert, 1924
- Spirama capitulifera Prout, 1919
- Spirama euphrages Prout, 1924
- Spirama euspira (Hubner, 1823)
- Spirama glaucescens Butler, 1893
- Spirama griseisigma Hampson, 1913
- Spirama helicina Hübner, [1831]
- Spirama inconspicua Herrich-Schäffer, [1854]
- Spirama indenta Hampson, 1891
- Spirama kalaoensis Swinhoe, 1904
- Spirama miniata Wallengren, 1856
- Spirama paecila (Guenée, 1852)
- Spirama recessa Walker, 1858
- Spirama remota Felder, 1861
- Spirama retorta Clerck, 1764
- Spirama sumbana Swinhoe, 1904
- Spirama triloba Guenée, 1852
- Spirama voluta Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874
Former species
- Spirama obscura Cramer, 1780 was moved to the genus Speiredonia in 2005.
- Spirama revolvens (Walker, 1858)
References
References
- Yu, Dicky Sick Ki. "Spirama Guenee 1852". Home of Ichneumonoidea. Taxapad. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
- Hampson, G. F. (1894). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume II. Taylor and Francis – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- John L. Capinera, Encyclopedia of Entomology, Volume 4, p. 1174
External links
External links
- Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Noctuidae". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London.
- Savela, Markku. "Spirama Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1852". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
- "ハグルマトモエ Spirama helicina (Hübner, [1831])". Digital Moths of Japan.