Silver nitrite

Silver nitrite
	Silver nitrite source ↗
Names
	IUPAC name Silver(I) nitrite
	Other names Argentous nitrite
Identifiers
CAS Number	7783-99-5 Y;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	141361 Y;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.128
EC Number	232-041-7;
PubChem CID	160904;
UNII	T3MZ57OGIF Y;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00884428 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/Ag.HNO2/c;2-1-3/h;(H,2,3)/q+1;/p-1 Key: KKKDGYXNGYJJRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M;
	SMILES N(=O)[O-].[Ag+];
Properties
Chemical formula	AgNO2
Molar mass	153.87 g/mol
Appearance	colorless to yellow crystals
Melting point	140 °C (284 °F; 413 K)
Solubility in water	0.155 g/100 mL (0 °C) ; 0.275 g/100 mL (15 °C) ; 1.363 g/100 mL (60 °C)
Solubility	insoluble in ethanol
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−42.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H272, H302, H315, H319, H400
Precautionary statements	P210, P220, P221, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P391, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	source ↗ 2 0 2
Safety data sheet (SDS)	Sigma-Aldrich
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Silver nitrite is an inorganic compound with the formula AgNO₂.²

Production

Silver nitrite is produced from the reaction between silver nitrate and an alkali nitrite, such as sodium nitrite.³ Silver nitrite is much less soluble in water than silver nitrate, and a solution of silver nitrate will readily precipitate silver nitrite upon addition of sodium nitrite:

AgNO₃ + NaNO₂ → NaNO₃ + AgNO₂

Alternatively, it can be produced by the reaction between silver sulfate and barium nitrite.

Applications

Silver nitrite has many applications. Notable examples include:

The production of aniline compounds.
General oxidizing agent.
Victor Meyer type nucleophilic substitution reactions with organobromides or organoiodides forming nitro compounds.³
Nitroalkene synthesis with nitryl iodide generated in-situ from silver nitrite and elemental iodine.⁴
1,2,3-Benzothiadiazoles synthesis via skeletal editing (S,N-heteroarene ring transformation) of variously functionalized 2-halobenzothiazoles and benzothiazolinones⁵

References

"Silver nitrite". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
American elements
Kornblum, N.; Ungnade, H. E. (1958). "1-Nitroöctane (Octane, 1-nitro-)" (PDF). Organic Syntheses. 38: 75. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
Waldman, Steve; Monte, Aaron, Monte; Bracey, Ann & Nichols, David (1996). "One-pot Claisen rearrangement/O-methylation/alkene isomerization in the synthesis of ortho-methoxylated phenylisopropylamines". Tetrahedron Letters. 37 (44): 7889–7892. doi:10.1016/0040-4039(96)01807-2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Nociarova, Jela; Purkait, Anisha; Gyepes, Robert; Hrobarik, Peter (2024). "Silver-Catalyzed Skeletal Editing of Benzothiazol-2(3H)-ones and 2-Halogen-Substituted Benzothiazoles as a Rapid Single-Step Approach to Benzo[1,2,3]Thiadiazoles". Organic Letters. 26: 619–624.

[1] "Silver nitrite". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 15 December 2021.

[2] American elements

[Silver-3] Kornblum, N.; Ungnade, H. E. (1958). "1-Nitroöctane (Octane, 1-nitro-)" (PDF). Organic Syntheses. 38: 75. Retrieved 6 January 2014.

[4] Waldman, Steve; Monte, Aaron, Monte; Bracey, Ann & Nichols, David (1996). "One-pot Claisen rearrangement/O-methylation/alkene isomerization in the synthesis of ortho-methoxylated phenylisopropylamines". Tetrahedron Letters. 37 (44): 7889–7892. doi:10.1016/0040-4039(96)01807-2.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Nociarova, Jela; Purkait, Anisha; Gyepes, Robert; Hrobarik, Peter (2024). "Silver-Catalyzed Skeletal Editing of Benzothiazol-2(3H)-ones and 2-Halogen-Substituted Benzothiazoles as a Rapid Single-Step Approach to Benzo[1,2,3]Thiadiazoles". Organic Letters. 26: 619–624.

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