Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 22, 2026

Royal Victorian Order

The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria. It recognises distinguished personal service to the monarch, members of the royal family, or to any viceroy or senior representative of the monarch. The present monarch, King Charles III, is the sovereign of the order. The order's motto is Victoria. The order's official day is 20 June. The order's chapel is the Savoy Chapel in London.

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Royal Victorian Order
Breast star of Knights/Dames Grand Cross
Awarded by Charles III
TypeDynastic order
Established21 April 1896
MottoVictoria
Awarded forPersonal service to the Sovereign
StatusCurrently constituted
FounderVictoria
SovereignCharles III
Grand MasterAnne, Princess Royal
Chancellor The Lord Benyon
Grades
  • Knight/Dame Grand Cross (GCVO)
  • Knight/Dame Commander (KCVO/DCVO)
  • Commander (CVO)
  • Lieutenant (LVO)
  • Member (MVO)
Statistics
First induction1896
Precedence
Next (higher)Dependent on state
Next (lower)Dependent on state

Ribbon of an ordinary member of the order

Ribbon of an honorary member of the order

The Royal Victorian Order (French: Ordre royal de Victoria)a is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria. It recognises distinguished personal service to the monarch, members of the royal family, or to any viceroy or senior representative of the monarch.12 The present monarch, King Charles III, is the sovereign of the order. The order's motto is Victoria. The order's official day is 20 June.b The order's chapel is the Savoy Chapel in London.

There is no limit on the number of individuals honoured at any grade.3 Admission is at the sole discretion of the monarch.3 Each of the order's five grades represent different levels of service, as does the medal, which has three levels of service. While all those honoured may use the prescribed styles of the order – the top two grades grant titles of knighthood, and all grades accord distinct post-nominal letters – the Royal Victorian Order's precedence amongst other honours differs from realm to realm and admission to some grades may be barred to citizens of those realms by government policy.

History

Queen Victoria in 1897, the year after she founded the Royal Victorian Order source ↗

Prior to the close of the 19th century, most general honours within the British Empire were bestowed by the sovereign on the advice of her British ministers, who sometimes forwarded advice from ministers of the Crown in the Dominions and colonies (appointments to the then most senior orders of chivalry, the Order of the Garter and the Order of the Thistle, had been made on ministerial advice since the 18th century and were not restored to the personal gift of the sovereign until 1946 and 1947, respectively4). Queen Victoria thus established on 21 April 1896 the Royal Victorian Order as a junior and personal order of knighthood that allowed her to bestow directly to an empire-wide community honours for personal services.3156 The organisation was founded a year before Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, so as to give the Queen time to complete a list of first inductees. The order's official day was made 20 June of each year, marking the anniversary of Queen Victoria's accession to the throne.6

In 1902, King Edward VII created the Royal Victorian Chain "as a personal decoration for royal personages and a few eminent British subjects" and it was the highest class of the Royal Victorian Order.7 It is today distinct from the order, though it is officially issued by the chancery of the Royal Victorian Order.

The order was open to foreigners from its inception, with the Prefect of Alpes-Maritimes and the Mayor of Nice being the first foreigners to receive the honour in 1896.3 Commanders of the order had precedence immediately after knights bachelor and ahead of the companions of all the senior orders until 1917, when they were treated like the companions of senior orders and ranked after companions of the Order of the Indian Empire. The order was opened to women by King Edward VIII in 1936.

Composition

The reigning monarch is at the apex of the Royal Victorian Order as its Sovereign, followed by the Grand Master; the latter position was created in 1937 and was occupied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother) from that date until her death in 2002. Queen Elizabeth II then appointed her daughter, Anne, Princess Royal,8 to the position in 2007. Below the Grand Master are five officials of the organisation: the Chancellor, held by the Lord Chamberlain; the Secretary, held by the Keeper of the Privy Purse and Treasurer to the King; the Registrar, held by the Secretary to the Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood; the Chaplain, held by the Chaplain of the King's Chapel of the Savoy; and the Genealogist.9

Thereafter follow those honoured with different grades of the order, divided into five levels: the highest two conferring accolades of knighthood and all having post-nominal letters and, lastly, the holders of the Royal Victorian Medal in gold, silver or bronze.1 Foreigners may be admitted as honorary members. There are no limits to the number of any grade, and promotion is possible. The styles of knighthood are not used by princes, princesses, or peers in the uppermost ranks of the society, save for when their names are written in their fullest forms for the most official occasions. Retiring Deans of the Royal Peculiars of St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle and Westminster Abbey are customarily inducted as Knights Commander; clergymen appointed to the higher levels of the Royal Victorian Order do not use the associated styles, however, and honorary members are not permitted to hold them at all.

Prior to 1984, the grades of Lieutenant and Member were classified as Members (fourth class) and Members (fifth class), respectively, but both with the post-nominals MVO. On 31 December of that year, Queen Elizabeth II declared that those in the grade of Member (fourth class) would henceforth be Lieutenants with the post-nominals LVO.9

Grades of the Royal Victorian Order
Grade Knight Grand Cross Dame Grand Cross Knight Commander Dame Commander Commander Lieutenant Member Royal Victorian Medalc
Prefix Sir Dame Sir Dame — — — —
Post-nominals GCVO KCVO DCVO CVO LVO MVO RVM
Insignia

    Insignia and vestments

    Mantle of the order bearing the star of a Knight Grand Cross source ↗

    Upon admission into the Royal Victorian Order, members are given various insignia. Common for all members is the badge, which is a Maltese cross with a central medallion depicting on a red background the Royal Cypher of Queen Victoria surrounded by a blue ring bearing the motto of the order – victoria (victory) – and surmounted by a Tudor crown.9 However, there are variations on the badge for each grade of the order: Knights and Dames Grand Cross on certain formal occasions (see below) wear the badge suspended from the Order's collar (chain), but otherwise on a sash passing from the right shoulder to the left hip; Knights Commander and male Commanders wear the badge on a ribbon at the neck; male Lieutenants and Members wear the badge from a ribbon on the left chest;6 and women in all grades below Dame Grand Cross wear the badge on a bow pinned at the left shoulder. For Knights and Dames Grand Cross, Commanders, and Lieutenants, the Maltese cross is rendered in white enamel with gold edging, while that for Knights and Dames Commander (on the star) and Members (the badge itself) is in silver.6 Further, the size of the badge varies by rank, that for the higher classes being larger, and Knights and Dames Grand Cross and Knights and Dames Commander have their crosses surrounded by a star: for the former, an eight-pointed silver star, and for the latter, an eight-pointed silver Maltese cross with silver rays between each arm.

    Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh (in 2013, as the Countess of Wessex) wearing the riband of a Dame Grand Cross of the Order source ↗

    The medal bears the effigy and name of the reigning sovereign at the time of its awarding, as well as the phrase DEI • GRATIA • REX (or REGINA) • F.D. (by the grace of God, King (or Queen), Defender of the Faith), and on the reverse is the Royal Cypher upon an ornamental shield within a laurel wreath. Bars may be awarded to each class of medal for further services, and should recipients be awarded a higher level of medal or be appointed to a grade of the order itself, they may continue to wear their original medal along with the new insignia.

    The order's ribbon is blue with red-white-red stripe edging, the only difference being that for foreigners appointed into the society, their ribbon bears an additional central white stripe. For Knights Grand Cross, the ribbon is 82.5 millimetres (3.25 in) wide, for Dames Grand Cross 57.1 millimetres (2.25 in), for Knights and Dames Commander 44.4 millimetres (1.75 in), and for all other members 31.7 millimetres (1.25 in).9

    At formal events, or collar days, of which there are 34 throughout the year, such as New Year's Day and royal anniversaries,8 Knights and Dames Grand Cross wear the Royal Victorian Order's livery collar, consisting of an alternating string of octagonal gold pieces depicting a gold rose on a blue field and gold oblong frames within which are one of four inscriptions: Victoria, Britt. Reg. (Queen of the Britons), Def. Fid. (fidei defensor, or Defender of the Faith), and Ind. Imp. (Empress of India). The chain supports a larger octagonal medallion with a blue enamel surface edged in red and charged with a saltire, over which is an effigy of Queen Victoria; members of the order suspend from this medallion their insignia as a badge apendant.89 Though after the death of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross their insignia may be retained by their family, the collar must be returned. Knights and Dames Grand Cross also wear a mantle of dark blue satin edged with red satin and lined with white satin, bearing a representation of the order's star on the left side.9

    Chapel

    The King's Chapel of the Savoy, which acts as the chapel of the Royal Victorian Order (photographed in 2020). The banners are those of the Sovereign (right) and of the Grand Master (left) of the Order as they were then in office. source ↗

    Since 1938, the chapel of the Royal Victorian Order has been the King's Chapel of the Savoy,3 in central London, England. However, the population of the order has grown to the point that the Savoy chapel can no longer accommodate the gathering of members held every four years, and St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle is now employed for the event.38

    The Sovereign and Knights and Dames Grand Cross of the order are allotted stalls in the Savoy chapel's choir, and on the back of each stall is affixed a brass plate displaying the occupant's name, coat of arms, and date of admission into the organisation. Upon the occupant's death, the plate is retained, leaving the stalls festooned with a record of the order's Knights and Dames Grand Cross since 1938. The only heraldic banners normally on display in the chapel are those of the Sovereign of the Royal Victorian Order and of the Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order as there is insufficient space in the chapel for more knights' and dames' banners or other heraldic devices.

    The Chaplain of the King's Chapel of the Savoy is ex officio the Chaplain to the Royal Victorian Order. The current incumbent is Canon Thomas Woodhouse.10

    Eligibility and appointment

    Coat of arms of Lord Baden-Powell, showing the circlet of the Royal Victorian Order around the escutcheon and the order's insignia suspended underneath source ↗
    The Royal Victorian Order circlet laid out
    The Royal Victorian Order's heraldic circlet, as viewed when laid out flat source ↗

    Membership in the Royal Victorian Order is conferred by the monarch without ministerial advice on those who have performed personal service for the sovereign.8

    Foreign members will generally be admitted as honorary members of the Royal Victorian Order when the sovereign is making a state visit to the individual's country or a head of state is paying a state visit to the United Kingdom.8

    Canadians

    As admission to the top two levels of the organisation provides for an honorary prefix, Canadians are not normally appointed to these levels as long as the monarch's Canadian ministry adheres to the Nickle Resolution of 1919.

    As it was deemed by the Canadian Cabinet to be an honour within the gift of the monarch,11 the appointment of Canadians to the order resumed in 1972 and eligibility was extended to those who render services to the monarch's representatives in the country;1 officials within the provincial spheres being included after 1984.12 Originally, the sovereign chose inductees personally, though the Governor General of Canada and the Canadian Secretary to the King could provide suggestions, some passed to them by the lieutenant governors. The practice of notifying the Prime Minister of Canada of nominees ended in 1982, to distance the order as far from politics as possible.12

    It was reported in 2008 that some in the Chancellery of Honours at Rideau Hall wished to eliminate the Royal Victorian Order from the Canadian honours system and sometimes contested when a Canadian was appointed; however, no formal changes were ever planned.1 In Canada, the order has come to be colloquially dubbed as the "Royal Visit Order", as the majority of appointments had been made by the then sovereign during her tours of the country.1

    Association

    The Royal Victorian Order Association of Canada exists for all Canadians appointed to the order or who have received the Royal Victorian Medal; it is the only such organisation in the Commonwealth realms.13 Founded by D. Michael Jackson (1940–2022),1415 the group has, since 2008, gathered biennially.13

    Australians

    As with Canada, the order remains open for award to Australians, as it is considered a personal gift of the sovereign, and appointments have continued beyond the end of Australia's use of the wider imperial honours system in 1994. The highest grades of GCVO and KCVO/DCVO have been awarded sparingly and, although nominally still open to Australians, have not been awarded since 1990, when Sir William Heseltine was made GCVO and Sir David Smith was made KCVO; Governors-General are now typically appointed CVO,16 when prior to the 1990s, the higher grades would have been conferred, such as the GCVO to governors-general Sir Zelman Cowen (1980) and Sir Ninian Stephen (1982), and the KCVO to governors of states on the occasion of a visit by then Queen.17 Awards are generally made following a royal visit to Australia, to vice-regal representatives at the Commonwealth, state and territory level, or more generally in "acknowledgment of exceptional service to Vice Regal representatives" (such as to the staff assisting royal visits, or of the various viceregal offices and households).181920

    Precedence

    As the Royal Victorian Order is open to the citizens of fifteen countries, each with their own system of orders, decorations, and medals, the RVO's place of precedence varies from country to country. Some are as follows:

    Country Preceding RVO grade Following
    Australia Australia
    Order of precedence* 1     		Knight/Dame of the Order of Australia (AK/AD) Knight/Dame Grand Cross Companion of the Order of Australia (AC)
    Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) Knight/Dame Commander Officer of the Order of Australia (AO)
    Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) Commander Star of Gallantry (SG)
    Member of the Order of Australia (AM) Lieutenant Member of the Royal Victorian Order (MVO)
    Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO) Member Conspicuous Service Cross (CSC)
    Australian Antarctic Medal (AAM) Medal Commendation for Gallantry
    Canada Canada
    Order of precedence* 2     		Commander of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces (COM) Commander Officer of the Order of Military Merit (OMM)
    Officer of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces (OOM) Lieutenant Member of the Order of Military Merit (MMM)
    Member of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces (MOM) Member Venerable Order of Saint John (GC/K/D/C/O/M/SB/SSStJ)
    Meritorious Service Medal (MSM) Medal Sacrifice Medal
    New Zealand New Zealand
    Order of precedence     		Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) Knight/Dame Grand Cross Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE)
    Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG/DCMG) Knight/Dame Commander Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE/DBE)
    Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) Commander Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
    Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) Lieutenant Companion of the Queen's Service Order (QSO)
    Companion of the Imperial Service Order (ISO) Member Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit (MNZM)
    New Zealand Bravery Medal (NZBM) Medal Queen's Service Medal (QSM)
    United Kingdom United Kingdom England England and
    Wales Wales
    Order of precedence     		Knight/Dame Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) Knight/Dame Grand Cross Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE)
    Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE/DCIE) Knight/Dame Commander Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE/DBE)
    Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) Commander Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
    Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) Lieutenant Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)
    Eldest son of Knight Bachelor Member Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)
    Scotland Scotland
    Order of precedence     		Knight/Dame Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) Knight/Dame Grand Cross Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE)
    Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE/DCIE) Knight/Dame Commander Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE/DBE)
    Sheriffs Commander Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB)
    Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) Lieutenant Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
    Eldest son of Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Member Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)
    Northern Ireland
    Order of precedence     		Knight/Dame Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) Knight/Dame Grand Cross Knight/Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE)
    Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE/DCIE) Knight/Dame Commander Knight/Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE/DBE)
    Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) Commander Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
    Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) Lieutenant Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)
    Eldest son of Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Member Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE)
    1. The order is different for honours received prior to 6 October 1992.
    2. The order is different for honours received prior to 1 June 1972.

    In the United Kingdom, the wives of male members of all classes also feature on the order of precedence, as do sons, daughters and daughters-in-law of Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander; relatives of Dames, however, are not assigned any special precedence. As a general rule, individuals can derive precedence from their fathers or husbands, but not from their mothers or wives.

    Current Knights and Dames Grand Cross

    Sovereign and Grand Master

    Name Year of appointment Present age
    Charles III (ex officio) Sovereign since 2022 77
    Anne, Princess Royal 1974 as Dame Grand Cross; Grand Master since 2007 75

    Knights and Dames Grand Cross

    Name Known for Year of appointment Present age
    Prince Edward, Duke of Kent Royal Family 1960 90
    Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy 89
    Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester 1974 81
    Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester 1989 79
    Sir William Heseltine Private Secretary to the Sovereign 1990 95
    Sir Brian Fall Ambassador to Russia and High Commissioner to Canada 1994 88
    Major General Sir Simon Cooper Master of the Household 2000 89–90
    Richard Luce, Baron Luce Lord Chamberlain and Governor of Gibraltar 89
    Vice Admiral Jeffrey Sterling, Baron Sterling of Plaistow Chairman of the Golden Jubilee Weekend Trust 2002 91
    Prince Michael of Kent Royal Family 2003 83
    Sir John Holmes Ambassador to France 2004 75
    Sir Peter Torry Ambassador to Germany and Ambassador to Spain 77
    William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel Lord Chamberlain 2006 78
    Robin Janvrin, Baron Janvrin Private Secretary to the Sovereign 2007 79
    Sir Donald McKinnon Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations 2009 87
    Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh Royal Family 2010 61
    Sir Hugh Roberts Surveyor of the Queen's Works of Art 78
    Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh Royal Family 2011 62
    Sir Michael Peat Principal Private Secretary to the Prince of Wales 76
    Sir Alan Reid Keeper of the Privy Purse 2012 79
    Queen Camilla Royal Family 78
    Susan Hussey, Baroness Hussey of North Bradley Woman of the Bedchamber 2013 87
    Dame Mary Morrison 87
    Peter Ricketts, Baron Ricketts National Security Adviser and Permanent Under-Secretary of State of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office 2014 73
    Christopher Geidt, Baron Geidt Private Secretary to the Sovereign 2017 64
    Sir Stephen Lamport Receiver-General of Westminster Abbey 2018 74
    Lieutenant Colonel Sir Andrew Ford Comptroller, Lord Chamberlain's Office 69
    Catherine, Princess of Wales Royal Family 2019 44
    Richard Chartres, Baron Chartres Bishop of London, Dean of the Chapel Royal 78
    Andrew Parker, Baron Parker of Minsmere Lord Chamberlain 2021 64
    Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal 2022 69
    David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley Lord Great Chamberlain 2023 65
    James Ramsay, 17th Earl of Dalhousie Lord Steward 78
    Edward Young, Baron Young of Old Windsor Private Secretary to the Sovereign 59
    David Conner Dean of Windsor 79
    Justin Welby Archbishop of Canterbury 2024 70
    Richard Benyon, Baron Benyon Lord Chamberlain 65
    Dame Annabel Whitehead Woman of the Bedchamber 2025 83
    Sir Michael Stevens Keeper of the Privy Purse and Treasurer to HM The King 68
    Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence Royal Family 71
    Richard Scott, 10th Duke of Buccleuch Chancellor of the Order of the Thistle, Lord Lieutenant of Roxburgh, Ettrick and Lauderdale, and Captain General of the Royal Company of Archers 2026 72

    Honorary Knights and Dames Grand Cross

    Country Name Known for Year of appointment Present age Notes
    Japan Emperor Akihito of Japan Emperor of Japan 1953 as Crown Prince; Emperor from 1989; abdicated 2019 92
    Norway King Harald V of Norway King of Norway 1955 as Prince Harald; King since 1991 89 Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain; also Honorary Colonel in the Royal Marines and Honorary General in the British Army
    Netherlands Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands Queen of the Netherlands 1958 as Princess Beatrix; Queen from 1980; abdicated 2013 88 Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain
    Ethiopian Empire Prince Mengesha Seyoum Prince of Ethiopia 1965 98
    Belgium King Albert II of Belgium King of the Belgians 1966 as Prince of Liège; King from 1993; abdicated 2013 91
    Luxembourg Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg Grand Duke of Luxembourg 1976 as Hereditary Grand Duke; Grand Duke from 2000; abdicated 2025 71
    Morocco King Mohammed VI of Morocco King of Morocco 1980 as Crown Prince; King since 1999 62
    Princess Lalla Meryem of Morocco Princess of Morocco 1980 63
    Malawi Cecilia Kadzamira Official Hostess of Malawi 1985 87
    Morocco Princess Lalla Asma of Morocco Princess of Morocco 1987 60
    Prince Moulay Rachid of Morocco Prince of Morocco 55
    Spain King Felipe VI of Spain King of Spain 1988 as Prince of Asturias; King since 2014 58
    Kuwait Khaled Al-Duwaisan Kuwaiti diplomat 1995 78
    Thailand King Vajiralongkorn of Thailand King of Thailand 1996 as Crown Prince; King since 2016 73
    Princess Sirindhorn, Princess Royal of Thailand Princess Royal of Thailand 1996 71
    Princess Chulabhorn of Thailand Princess of Thailand 68
    Brunei Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah, Crown Prince of Brunei Crown Prince of Brunei 1998 52
    Nigeria Emeka Anyaoku Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations 2000 93
    Oman Sultan Haitham bin Tariq of Oman Sultan of Oman 2010 as Sayyid Haitham bin Tariq bin Taimur Al Said; Sultan since 2020 70
    India Kamalesh Sharma Secretary-General of the Commonwealth of Nations 2016 84
    Jordan King Abdullah II of Jordan King of Jordan 2024 64
    Bahrain King Hamad bin Isa of Bahrain King of Bahrain 76

    Honorary Knights and Dames Commander

    Country Name Known for Year of appointment Present age Notes
    Indonesia Teuku Mohammad Hamzah Thayeb KCVO Ambassador to the United Kingdom 2012 73
    South Korea Lim Sung-nam KCVO Ambassador to the United Kingdom 2013
    Singapore Foo Chi Hsia DCVO High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
    France Bernard Émié KCVO Ambassador to the United Kingdom 2014 67
    Mexico Diego Gómez Pickering KCVO Ambassador to the United Kingdom 2015 48

    Officers

    See also

    See also

    Star and riband of a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order source ↗
    A detailed view of a stumpwork and goldwork embroidered star of a Knight or Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order source ↗
    Notes

    Notes

    1. For use in Canada, in accordance with the country's policy of official bilingualism.
    2. 20 June 1837 was Victoria's Accession Day.
    3. The Royal Victorian Medal does not make a person a member of the Order, but the award is associated with the Order.
    References

    References

    Citations

    1. Dundas, Charles (Spring 2008). "The Royal Victorian Order Conundrum" (PDF). Canadian Monarchist News. No. 28. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2020.
    2. "Irene White Appointed to Royal Victorian Order" (Press release). Queen's Printer for Saskatchewan. 27 June 1995. Archived from the original on 5 October 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
    3. Royal Household. "The Queen and the UK > Queen and Honours > Royal Victorian Order". royal.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
    4. "Select Committee on Public Administration Fifth Report". Queen's Printer. 13 July 2007. Retrieved 8 November 2006.
    5. "No. 26733". The London Gazette. 24 April 1896. p. 2455.
    6. Office of the Governor General of Canada. "Honours > National Orders > Royal Victorian Order". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 6 August 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
    7. "Birthday Honours – A Long List – Five New Peers – Many Baronets And Knights". The Times. 4 June 1917. p. 9. An interesting honour is that awarded to Lord Rosebery, upon whom the King has conferred the Royal Victorian Chain, the highest class of the Royal Victorian Order.
    8. "People > Honours > Orders of Chivalry > Royal Victorian Order". Debrett's Limited. Archived from the original on 21 October 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
    9. "The Royal Victorian Order". Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
    10. "The Royal Victorian Order". Retrieved 31 March 2023.
    11. McCreery 2008, p. 42.
    12. McCreery 2008, p. 43.
    13. Office of the Governor General of Canada (11 September 2012). "Third Biennial Gathering of the Royal Victorian Order Association of Canada". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
    14. "Photos & Video: Royal visit to Ottawa". Ottawa Citizen. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
    15. "D. Michael Jackson". Dundurn Press. Dundurn Press Ltd. Retrieved 28 September 2025.
    16. "The Governor-General's Program". The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. 15 June 2024. On Saturday 15 June 2024, His Majesty The King was pleased to appoint the Governor-General, His Excellency General the Honourable David Hurley AC CVO DSC (Retd), a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in The King's Birthday Honour's List.
    17. Michael Jeffery (2003–2008), Quentin Bryce (2008–2014), Peter Cosgrove (2014–2019), and David Hurley (2019–2024), are all recipients of the CVO grade.
    18. "Imperial medals - Royal Victorian Order". Department of Prime Minister & Cabinet. Australian Government. Retrieved 26 May 2025.
    19. "Her Honour the Honourable Vicki O'Halloran AO, Appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order" (Press release). Government House Northern Territory. 31 December 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2025.
    20. "Government House CEO recognised as a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order". Government House Western Australia. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2025.

    Sources

    Further reading

    Further reading

    External links