Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jun 28, 2026

Proteoform

Proteoforms are the different forms of a protein produced from the genome with a variety of sequence variations, splice isoforms, and post-translational modifications. Proteoform captures the disparate sources of biological variation which alter primary sequence and composition at the whole-protein level. Protein characterization at the proteoform level has a crucial importance to fully understand biological processes since specific proteoforms can carry particular biological functions. The proteoforms estimation in human can be in millions for around 20,000 proteins.

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Jun 28, 2026
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Proteoforms are the different forms of a protein produced from the genome with a variety of sequence variations, splice isoforms, and post-translational modifications.12 Proteoform captures the disparate sources of biological variation which alter primary sequence and composition at the whole-protein level. Protein characterization at the proteoform level has a crucial importance to fully understand biological processes since specific proteoforms can carry particular biological functions.3 The proteoforms estimation in human can be in millions for around 20,000 proteins.4

References

References

  1. Smith LM, Kelleher NL (March 2018). "Proteoforms as the next proteomics currency". Science. 359 (6380): 1106–1107. Bibcode:2018Sci...359.1106S. doi:10.1126/science.aat1884. PMC 5944612. PMID 29590032.
  2. Smith LM, Kelleher NL (March 2013). "Proteoform: a single term describing protein complexity". Nature Methods. 10 (3): 186–7. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2369. PMC 4114032. PMID 23443629.
  3. Lima DB, Dupré M, Duchateau M, Gianetto QG, Rey M, Matondo M, Chamot-Rooke J (November 2020). Valencia A (ed.). "ProteoCombiner: integrating bottom-up with top-down proteomics data for improved proteoform assessment" (PDF). Bioinformatics btaa958. doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa958. PMID 33165572.
  4. Aebersold R, Agar JN, Amster IJ, Baker MS, Bertozzi CR, Boja ES, et al. (February 2018). "How many human proteoforms are there?". Nature Chemical Biology. 14 (3): 206–214. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2576. PMC 5837046. PMID 29443976.