Probst is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Adalbert Probst (1900–1934), head of the Catholic Youth Sports Association
- Albert Probst (1931–2015), German politician
- Christoph Probst (1919–1943), member of the German White Rose resistance organization
- Eva Probst (1930–2018), German actress
- Jeff Probst (born 1962), American television personality
- Larry Probst (born 1950), American businessman
- Paul Probst (1869–1945), Swiss sports shooter
- Pierre Probst (1913–2007), French cartoonist