Population may refer to:
- Population (biology), a group of individuals
- Wildlife population, group of non-human individuals
- Population (album), by The Most Serene Republic, 2007
- Population (human biology), a group of human individuals
- Population (journal), published by Institut national d'études démographiques
- Statistical population, a set of similar items or events which is of interest for some question or experiment
- Stellar population, categorized groups of stars within the Milky Way
- World population, total number of living humans on Earth