Politzer is a surname deriving from Politz. Notable people with the surname include:
- Adam Politzer, Hungarian physician
- Politzerization, a treatment technique for ear infections, developed by him
- Georges Politzer, French philosopher
- H. David Politzer, American physicist
- Heinz Politzer, Austrian writer
- Rózsa Péter (1905–1977), born Rózsa Politzer, a Hungarian mathematician