Obolonsky (masculine), Obolonskaya (feminine) is a Russian-language surname, see "Blonsky" for its etymology. Notable people with this surname include:
- Nikolai Obolonsky (1856-1913), Ukrainian (Russian Empire) professor of legal medicine, dean of the medical department, Kiev University
- Raisa Obolonsky (1924-2010), Russian writer
- Shane Obolonsky, Canadian kickboxer