| Murato | |
|---|---|
| Chholo | |
| Native to | Bolivia |
| Region | near Lake Poopó |
| Ethnicity | Uru-Murato of Lake Poopó |
| Extinct | 17th century1 1? (2012)2 |
Uru–Chipaya?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | chho1235 |
 Murato | |
Murato (Chholo) is the language of the Uros of Lake Poopó in Bolivia.3 The Murato have shifted to Aymara, but preserve some vocabulary of their original language; a number of rememberers of the language were found, and some data was collected from them.45
Geographical distribution
The Uru-Murato live in three villages on the eastern shores of Lake Poopó, Llapallapani, located near Santiago de Huari, Villañeque, near Challapata, and Puñaca, near the city of Poopó.5
History
The Uru-Murato speak either Aymara, Quechua or Spanish, with a tendency to replace Aymara with Quechua. Three linguistic studies on the language exist; one by Barragán lists a total of 21 words and numerals from 1 to 10, another by Alavi Mamami (2008) presented at the XVIII Reunión Anual de Etnología, including 20 words and their equivalents in the Uru language of Irohito, and the numerals from 1 to 10 again, and a third recording an untranslated monlogue in the language from Daniel Moricio Choque, a former leader of the Uru-Murato, though he claimed he did not know much of it. All three studies were conducted in different locations.5
Name
Choque referred to the language he recorded as chholo, though he also called it puquina, similarly to the Uru language of Irohito and the related Chipaya.5
Classification
Very few of the words in Chholo correspond with those in Uru-Chipaya. The following words are derived from Uru-Chipaya:5
| gloss | Chholo |
|---|---|
| designation | xax chhuni qot chhuni |
| bird | wiskala |
| birds | visklanaka |
| young | thowa |
A number of Chholo words are also derived from Aymara:5
| gloss | Chholo |
|---|---|
| brother | jila |
| sister | kullaka |
| (too) much | anchaki |
| well | wale- |
It is speculated that some of the non-Uru-Chipaya words were fabricated, though they could have also been inherited.5
Morphology
The following suffixes can be identified in Chholo, though without any indication of their grammatical meaning:5
| Chholo |
|---|
| -kcha- / -qcha |
| -ksha- / -qsha |
| -wa |
References
References
- Hannß, Katja (2014-07-01). "The Uru of Ch'imu: an investigation of Walter Lehmann's material". STUF - Language Typology and Universals. 67 (2): 175–211. doi:10.1515/stuf-2014-0013. ISSN 2196-7148.
- Crevels, Mily (2012-01-13). "Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking". In Campbell, Lyle; Grondona, Verónica (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America. De Gruyter. pp. 167–234. doi:10.1515/9783110258035.167. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3. Retrieved 2025-03-22.
- Adelaar, Willem F. H.; Muysken, Pieter (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge, UK New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-48685-2.
- Alain Fabre 2005, "Uru-Chipaya", in: Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamicanos. [1] retrieved 2021/12/22.
- Crevels, Emily Irene; Muysken, Pieter (2009). Lenguas de Bolivia: Ámbito andino (in Spanish). Plural editores. p. 117. ISBN 978-99954-1-236-4.