Multicopper oxidase

Multicopper oxidase (type 2)
Multicopper oxidase (type 2)
	active laccase from trametes versicolor complexed with 2,5-xylidine
Identifiers
Symbol	Cu-oxidase_2
Pfam	PF07731
Pfam clan	CL0026
InterPro	IPR011706
SCOP2	1aoz / SCOPe / SUPFAM
PDB
Available protein structures:
PDB	IPR011706 PF07731 (ECOD; PDBsum)
AlphaFold	IPR011706; PF07731;

Available protein structures:
PDB	IPR001117 PF00394 (ECOD; PDBsum)
AlphaFold	IPR001117; PF00394;

Multicopper oxidase (type 1)
Multicopper oxidase (type 1)
	crystal structures of e. coli laccase cueo under different copper binding situations
Identifiers
Symbol	Cu-oxidase
Pfam	PF00394
Pfam clan	CL0026
InterPro	IPR001117
PROSITE	PDOC00076
SCOP2	1aoz / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Membranome	253
PDB
Available protein structures:
PDB	IPR001117 PF00394 (ECOD; PDBsum)
AlphaFold	IPR001117; PF00394;

Multicopper oxidase (type 3)

crystal structures of e. coli laccase cueo under different copper binding situations

Identifiers

Symbol

Cu-oxidase_3

Pfam clan

1aoz / SCOPe / SUPFAM

Available protein structures:
PDB	IPR011707 PF07732 (ECOD; PDBsum)
AlphaFold	IPR011707 PF07732

CMulti-copper polyphenol oxidoreductase laccase

crystal structure of protein cc_0490 from caulobacter crescentus, pfam duf152

Identifiers

Symbol

Cu-oxidase_4

Available protein structures:
PDB	IPR003730 PF02578 (ECOD; PDBsum)
AlphaFold	IPR003730 PF02578

In molecular biology, multicopper oxidases are enzymes which oxidise their substrate by accepting electrons at a mononuclear copper centre and transferring them to a trinuclear copper centre; dioxygen binds to the trinuclear centre and, following the transfer of four electrons, is reduced to two molecules of water.¹ There are three spectroscopically different copper centres found in multicopper oxidases: type 1 (or blue), type 2 (or normal) and type 3 (or coupled binuclear).²³ Multicopper oxidases consist of 2, 3 or 6 of these homologous domains, which also share homology with the cupredoxins azurin and plastocyanin. Structurally, these domains consist of a cupredoxin-like fold, a beta-sandwich consisting of 7 strands in 2 beta-sheets, arranged in a Greek-key beta-barrel.⁴

The family of multicopper oxidases can be divided into three groups based on the electron-donating substrate. ⁵ Laccases oxidize a variety of organic substrates, metalloxidases accept metal substrates and a third group contains multicopper oxidases that are specific towards one single substrate. Multicopper oxidases include:

Ceruloplasmin EC 1.16.3.1 (ferroxidase), a 6-domain enzyme found in the serum of mammals and birds that oxidizes different inorganic and organic substances; exhibits internal sequence homology that appears to have evolved from the triplication of a Cu-binding domain similar to that of laccase and ascorbate oxidase.
Laccase EC 1.10.3.2 (urishiol oxidase), a 3-domain enzyme found in fungi and plants, which oxidizes different phenols and diamines. CueO is a laccase found in Escherichia coli that is involved in copper-resistance.⁴
Ascorbate oxidase EC 1.10.3.3, a 3-domain enzyme found in higher plants.
Nitrite reductase EC 1.7.2.1, a 2-domain enzyme containing type-1 and type-2 copper centres.⁶⁷

In addition to the above enzymes there are a number of other proteins that are similar to the multi-copper oxidases in terms of structure and sequence, some of which have lost the ability to bind copper. These include: copper resistance protein A (copA) from a plasmid in Pseudomonas syringae; domain A of (non-copper binding) blood coagulation factors V (Fa V) and VIII (Fa VIII);⁸ yeast Fet3p (FET3) required for ferrous iron uptake;⁹ yeast hypothetical protein YFL041w; and the fission yeast homologue SpAC1F7.08.

References

Bento I, Martins LO, Gato Lopes G, Arménia Carrondo M, Lindley PF (November 2005). "Dioxygen reduction by multi-copper oxidases; a structural perspective". Dalton Transactions (21): 3507–13. doi:10.1039/b504806k. PMID 16234932.
Messerschmidt A, Huber R (January 1990). "The blue oxidases, ascorbate oxidase, laccase and ceruloplasmin. Modelling and structural relationships". Eur. J. Biochem. 187 (2): 341–52. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15311.x. PMID 2404764.
Ouzounis C, Sander C (February 1991). "A structure-derived sequence pattern for the detection of type I copper binding domains in distantly related proteins". FEBS Lett. 279 (1): 73–8. Bibcode:1991FEBSL.279...73O. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80254-Z. PMID 1995346. S2CID 10299194.
Roberts SA, Weichsel A, Grass G, Thakali K, Hazzard JT, Tollin G, Rensing C, Montfort WR (March 2002). "Crystal structure and electron transfer kinetics of CueO, a multicopper oxidase required for copper homeostasis in Escherichia coli". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (5): 2766–71. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.2766R. doi:10.1073/pnas.052710499. PMC 122422. PMID 11867755.
Mano, Nicolas; de Poulpiquet, Anne (2018-03-14). "O 2 Reduction in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells" (PDF). Chemical Reviews. 118 (5): 2392–2468. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00220. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 28930449.
Nakamura K, Kawabata T, Yura K, Go N (October 2003). "Novel types of two-domain multi-copper oxidases: possible missing links in the evolution". FEBS Lett. 553 (3): 239–44. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.553..239N. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01000-7. PMID 14572631. S2CID 85060706.
Suzuki S, Kataoka K, Yamaguchi K (October 2000). "Metal coordination and mechanism of multicopper nitrite reductase". Acc. Chem. Res. 33 (10): 728–35. doi:10.1021/ar9900257. PMID 11041837.
Mann KG, Jenny RJ, Krishnaswamy S (1988). "Cofactor proteins in the assembly and expression of blood clotting enzyme complexes". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57: 915–56. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.004411. PMID 3052293.
Askwith C, Eide D, Van Ho A, Bernard PS, Li L, Davis-Kaplan S, Sipe DM, Kaplan J (January 1994). "The FET3 gene of S. cerevisiae encodes a multicopper oxidase required for ferrous iron uptake". Cell. 76 (2): 403–10. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90346-8. PMID 8293473. S2CID 27473253.

¹

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR001117

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR011706

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR011707

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR003730

Lawton, Thomas J.; Sayavedra-Soto, Luis A.; Arp, Daniel J.; Rosenzweig, Amy C. (2009-04-10). "Crystal Structure of a Two-domain Multicopper Oxidase *". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (15): 10174–10180. doi:10.1074/jbc.M900179200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 2665071. PMID 19224923.

[pmid16234932-1] Bento I, Martins LO, Gato Lopes G, Arménia Carrondo M, Lindley PF (November 2005). "Dioxygen reduction by multi-copper oxidases; a structural perspective". Dalton Transactions (21): 3507–13. doi:10.1039/b504806k. PMID 16234932.

[pmid2404764-2] Messerschmidt A, Huber R (January 1990). "The blue oxidases, ascorbate oxidase, laccase and ceruloplasmin. Modelling and structural relationships". Eur. J. Biochem. 187 (2): 341–52. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15311.x. PMID 2404764.

[pmid1995346-3] Ouzounis C, Sander C (February 1991). "A structure-derived sequence pattern for the detection of type I copper binding domains in distantly related proteins". FEBS Lett. 279 (1): 73–8. Bibcode:1991FEBSL.279...73O. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80254-Z. PMID 1995346. S2CID 10299194.

[pmid11867755-4] Roberts SA, Weichsel A, Grass G, Thakali K, Hazzard JT, Tollin G, Rensing C, Montfort WR (March 2002). "Crystal structure and electron transfer kinetics of CueO, a multicopper oxidase required for copper homeostasis in Escherichia coli". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (5): 2766–71. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.2766R. doi:10.1073/pnas.052710499. PMC 122422. PMID 11867755.

[5] Mano, Nicolas; de Poulpiquet, Anne (2018-03-14). "O 2 Reduction in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells" (PDF). Chemical Reviews. 118 (5): 2392–2468. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00220. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 28930449.

[pmid14572631-6] Nakamura K, Kawabata T, Yura K, Go N (October 2003). "Novel types of two-domain multi-copper oxidases: possible missing links in the evolution". FEBS Lett. 553 (3): 239–44. Bibcode:2003FEBSL.553..239N. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(03)01000-7. PMID 14572631. S2CID 85060706.

[pmid11041837-7] Suzuki S, Kataoka K, Yamaguchi K (October 2000). "Metal coordination and mechanism of multicopper nitrite reductase". Acc. Chem. Res. 33 (10): 728–35. doi:10.1021/ar9900257. PMID 11041837.

[pmid3052293-8] Mann KG, Jenny RJ, Krishnaswamy S (1988). "Cofactor proteins in the assembly and expression of blood clotting enzyme complexes". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 57: 915–56. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.57.070188.004411. PMID 3052293.

[pmid8293473-9] Askwith C, Eide D, Van Ho A, Bernard PS, Li L, Davis-Kaplan S, Sipe DM, Kaplan J (January 1994). "The FET3 gene of S. cerevisiae encodes a multicopper oxidase required for ferrous iron uptake". Cell. 76 (2): 403–10. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90346-8. PMID 8293473. S2CID 27473253.

[10] Lawton, Thomas J.; Sayavedra-Soto, Luis A.; Arp, Daniel J.; Rosenzweig, Amy C. (2009-04-10). "Crystal Structure of a Two-domain Multicopper Oxidase *". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (15): 10174–10180. doi:10.1074/jbc.M900179200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 2665071. PMID 19224923.

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