Melnykov (Ukrainian: Мельников, feminine: Melnykova) is a Ukrainian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Melnykov
- Leonid Melnykov (1906–1981), Ukrainian politician and diplomat
- Stanislav Melnykov (born 1987), Ukrainian hurdler
- Volodymyr Melnykov (born 1951), Ukrainian poet, writer, songwriter, inventor and composer
Melnykova
- Iryna Melnykova (1918–2010), Ukrainian historian