This is the list of Schedule I controlled substances in the United States as defined by the Controlled Substances Act.1 The following findings are required for substances to be placed in this schedule:2
- The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse.
- The drug or other substance has no current accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
- There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision.
The complete list of Schedule I substances is as follows.1 The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number for each substance is included.
Opioids
Opium derivatives
| ACSCN | Drug |
|---|---|
| 9319 | Acetorphine4note 1 |
| 9051 | Acetyldihydrocodeine4note 1 |
| 9052 | Benzylmorphine4note 1 |
| 9070 | Codeine methylbromide4note 1 |
| 9053 | Codeine-N-Oxide4note 1 |
| 9054 | Cyprenorphine4note 1 |
| 9055 | Desomorphine4note 1 |
| 9145 | Dihydromorphine4note 1 |
| 9335 | Drotebanol28 |
| 9056 | Etorphine (except hydrochloride salt)29 |
| 9200 | Heroin4note 1 |
| 9301 | Hydromorphinol4note 1 |
| 9302 | Methyldesorphine4note 1 |
| 9304 | Methyldihydromorphine4note 1 |
| 9305 | Morphine methylbromide4note 1 |
| 9306 | Morphine methylsulfonate4note 1 |
| 9307 | Morphine-N-Oxide4note 1 |
| 9308 | Myrophine4note 1 |
| 9309 | Nicocodeine4note 1 |
| 9312 | Nicomorphine4note 1 |
| 9313 | Normorphine4note 1 |
| 9314 | Pholcodine4note 1 |
| 9315 | Thebacon4note 1 |
Hallucinogenic or psychedelic substances
| ACSCN | Drug |
|---|---|
| 7249 | α-ET30 |
| 7391 | 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOB)31 |
| 7392 | 2C-B32 |
| 7396 | 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA)31 |
| 7399 | DOET33 |
| 7348 | 2C-T-734 |
| 7411 | 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA)31 |
| 7401 | 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MMDA)4note 1 |
| 7395 | 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DOM; STP)4note 1 |
| 7400 | 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)4note 1 |
| 7405 | 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)35 |
| 7404 | 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDEA; MDE)36 |
| 7402 | N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (N-hydroxy MDA)36 |
| 7390 | 3,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA)4note 1 |
| 7431 | 5-MeO-DMT37 |
| 7432 | Alpha-methyltryptamine (αMT)38 |
| 7433 | Bufotenine4note 1 |
| 7434 | Diethyltryptamine (DET)4note 1 |
| 7435 | Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)4note 1 |
| 7439 | 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT)38 |
| 7260 | Ibogaine4note 1 |
| 7315 | Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)4note 1 |
| 7360 | Marijuana4note 1note 239 |
| 7381 | Mescaline4note 1 |
| 7286 | MXE |
| 7374 | Parahexyl40 |
| 7415 | Peyote4note 1 |
| 7482 | N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate4note 1 |
| 7484 | N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate4note 1 |
| 7437 | Psilocybin4note 1 |
| 7438 | Psilocin4note 1 |
| 7370 | Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)note 239 |
| 7455 | Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine (Eticyclidine; PCE) |
| 7458 | Pyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine (PCPy) |
| 7470 | Thiophene analog of phencyclidine (TCP) |
| 7473 | 1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine (TCPy) |
| 1239 | 4-Chloromethcathinone |
| 1259 | 3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) |
| 1248 | 4-Methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone) |
| 7535 | 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) |
| 7509 | 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-E) |
| 7508 | 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-D) |
| 7519 | 2-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-C) |
| 7518 | 2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-I) |
| 7385 | 2-[4-(Ethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-2) |
| 7532 | 2-[4-(Isopropylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-4) |
| 7517 | 2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-H) |
| 7521 | 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)ethanamine (2C-N) |
| 7524 | 2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-P) |
| 7536 | 2-(4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)
ethanamine (25B-NBOMe) |
| 7537 | 2-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)
ethanamine (25C-NBOMe) |
| 7538 | 2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)
ethanamine (25I-NBOMe) |
| 7540 | 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (methylone) |
Depressants
| ACSCN | Drug |
|---|---|
| 2010 | gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB; sodium oxybate; sodium oxybutyrate) except formulations in an FDA-approved drug product are Schedule III |
| 2572 | Mecloqualone |
| 2565 | Methaqualone |
Stimulants
| ACSCN | Drug |
|---|---|
| 1219 | Amineptine |
| 1585 | Aminorex (aminoxaphen; 2-amino-5-phenyl-2- oxazoline; or 4,5-dihydro-5-phenly-2-oxazolamine) |
| 7493 | N-benzylpiperazine (some other names: BZP; 1-benzylpiperazine) |
| 1235 | Cathinone |
| 1503 | Fenethylline |
| 1476 | 4-Fluoroamphetamine |
| 1237 | Methcathinone (Some other names: 2-(methylamino)-propiophenone; alpha-(methylamino)propiophenone; 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-one; alpha-N-methylaminopropiophenone; monomethylpropion; ephedrone; N-methylcathinone; methylcathinone; AL-464; AL-422; AL-463 and UR1432), its salts, optical isomers and salts of optical isomers |
| 1590 | (±)-cis-4-methylaminorex |
| 1475 | N-ethylamphetamine |
| 1480 | N,N-dimethylamphetamine (also known as N,N-alpha-trimethyl-benzeneethanamine; N,N-alpha-trimethylphenethylamine) |
| 7543 | N-Ethylpentylone (ephylone, N-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(ethylamino)-1-pentanone))41 |
| 7246 | N-Ethylhexedrone42 (hexen) |
| 7544 | alpha-Pyrrolidinohexanophenone (α-PHP)42 |
| 7551 | alpha-Pyrrolidinoisohexanophenone (also known as α-PHiP; α-PiHP) 43 |
| 7245 | 4-Methyl-alpha-ethylaminopentiophenone (4-MEAP)42 |
| 7446 | 4'-Methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (MPHP)42 |
| 7548 | alpha-Pyrrolidinoheptaphenone (PV8)42 |
| 7443 | 4-Chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4-chloro-α-PVP)42 |
| 1233 | 3-Fluoro-N-methylcathinone (3-FMC; 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one) |
| 1238 | 4-Fluoro-N-methylcathinone (4-FMC, flephedrone, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-one) |
| 1246 | Pentedrone (α-methylaminovalerophenone, 2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpentan-1-one) |
| 1249 | 4-Methyl-N-ethylcathinone (4-MEC, 2-(ethylamino)-1-(4-methylphenyl)propan-1-one) |
| 1258 | Naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone; 1-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one) |
| 7498 | 4-Methyl-alphapyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-MePPP, MePPP, 4-methyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone,1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propan-1-one) |
| 7541 | Butylone (bk-MBDB, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)butan-1-one) |
| 7542 | Pentylone (bk-MBDP, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(methylamino)pentan-1-one) |
| 7545 | alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP, α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pentan-1-one) |
| 7546 | alpha-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (α-PBP, 1-phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)butan-1-one) |
| 1227 | Mesocarb |
Cannabimimetic agents
| ACSCN | Drug |
|---|---|
| 7297 | 5-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol (CP-47,497) |
| 7298 | 5-(1,1-dimethyloctyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexyl]-phenol (cannabicyclohexanol or CP-47,497 C8-homolog) |
| 7118 | 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018 and AM678) |
| 7173 | 1-butyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-073) |
| 7019 | 1-hexyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-019) |
| 7200 | 1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-200) |
| 6250 | 1-pentyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (JWH-250) |
| 7081 | 1-pentyl-3-[1-(4-methoxynaphthoyl)]indole (JWH-081) |
| 7122 | 1-pentyl-3-(4-methyl-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-122) |
| 7398 | 1-pentyl-3-(4-chloro-1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-398) |
| 7201 | 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (AM2201) |
| 7694 | 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-3-(2-iodobenzoyl)indole (AM694) |
| 7104 | 1-pentyl-3-[(4-methoxy)-benzoyl]indole (SR-19 and RCS-4) |
| 7008 | 1-cyclohexylethyl-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole 7008 (SR-18 and RCS-8) |
| 7203 | 1-pentyl-3-(2-chlorophenylacetyl)indole (JWH-203) |
| 7144 | (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers (UR-144, 1-pentyl-3-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole) |
| 7011 | [1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers (5-fluoro-UR-144, 5-F-UR-144, XLR-11, 1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-3-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropoyl)indole) |
| 7048 | N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, its optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers (APINACA, AKB-48) |
| 7222 | Quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (QUPIC, PB-22)44 |
| 7225 | Quinolin-8-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (5-fluoro-PB-22; 5F-PB-22)44 |
| 7012 | N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-FUBINACA)44 |
| 7035 | N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-PINACA)44 |
| 7031 | N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-CHMINACA)45 |
| 7023 | N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-PINACA)45 |
| 7024 | [1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl](naphthalen-1-yl)methanone (THJ-2201)45 |
| 7034 | 2-(1-(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-ADB, 5F-MDMB-PINACA)46 |
| 7033 | Methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate (5F-AMB)46 |
| 7049 | N-(Adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (5F-APINACA, 5F-AKB48)46 |
| 7010 | N-(1-Amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (ADB-FUBINACA)46 |
| 7042 | Methyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMINACA)46 |
| 7020 | Methyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-FUBINACA)46 |
| 7032 | N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (MAB-CHMINACA; ADB-CHMINACA)47 |
| 7036 | ethyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-EDMB-PINACA)48 |
| 7041 | methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (5F-MDMB-PICA)48 |
| 7047 | N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (FUB-AKB48; FUB-APINACA; AKB48 N-(4-FLUOROBENZYL))48 |
| 7083 | 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (5F-CUMYL-PINACA; SGT-25)48 |
| 7014 | (1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl) methanone (FUB-144)48 |
| 7021 | Methyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1Hindazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate (FUB–AMB, MMB– FUBINACA, AMB–FUBINACA) |
| 7025 | 5F-AB-PINACA (N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide) |
| 7044 | MMB-CHMICA (AMB-CHMICA, methyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate) |
| 7085 | 5F-CUMYL-P7AICA (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide) |
| 7089 | 4-CN-CUMYL-BUTINACA (1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, 4-cyano-CUMYL-BUTINACA, 4-CN-CUMYL BINACA, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, SGT-78) |
| 7221 | NM-2201 (CBL2201, Naphthalen-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate) |
| 7027 | ADB-BUTINACA (N-[(2S)-1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]-1-butyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide)43 |
See also
See also
Notes
Notes
- This substance was expressly scheduled by the Controlled Substances Act on October 27, 1970. The 1974 Federal Register ruling (by Administrator John R. Bartels, Jr.) merely organized its listing in the Code of Federal Regulations.
- This substance was the subject of an executive order on December 19, 2025. The executive order directs the US Attorney General to begin the process of moving it from a Schedule I to a Schedule III drug
References
References
- 21 CFR 1308.11 Archived 2009-08-27 at the Wayback Machine (CSA Sched I) with changes through 77 FR 64032 (Oct 18, 2012). Retrieved September 6, 2013.
- United States Code via Cornell University's Legal Information Institute. Retrieved on 2007-10-02.
- Lawn, John (May 29, 1987). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Alpha-Acetyl-Methylfentanyl, Alpha-methylthiofentanyl, Beta-hydroxyfentanyl, 3-Methylthiofentanyl, Para-fluorofentanyl, and Thiofentanyl into Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Bartels Jr., John R. (June 20, 1974). "PART 1308— SCHEDULES OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES: Annual Publication" (PDF). Government Publishing Office. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2023. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Rosenberg, Chuck (June 7, 2017). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Acetyl Fentanyl Into Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Dhillon, Uttam (November 29, 2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Furanyl Fentanyl, 4-Fluoroisobutyryl Fentanyl, Acryl Fentanyl, Tetrahydrofuranyl Fentanyl, and Ocfentanil in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Rosenberg, Chuck (May 16, 2016). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of AH-7921 Into Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Bonner, Robert (August 18, 1993). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Transfer of Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol from Schedule I to Schedule II" (PDF). Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Mullen, Jr., Francis M. (September 22, 1981). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Alpha-methylfentanyl in Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Lawn, John (January 8, 1988). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Beta-Hydroxy-3-Methylfentanyl in Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Dhillon, Uttam (May 8, 2019). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of beta-Hydroxythiofentanyl in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Evans, D. Christopher (April 27, 2021). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of 10 Specific Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Milgram, Anne (April 5, 2023). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Brorphine in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Patterson, Robert (April 20, 2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Butyryl Fentanyl and U-47700 Into Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Shea, TImothy (October 2, 2020). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Crotonyl Fentanyl in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Evans, D. Christopher (March 31, 2021). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of cyclopentyl fentanyl, isobutyryl fentanyl, para-chloroisobutyryl fentanyl, para-methoxybutyryl fentanyl, and valeryl fentanyl in Schedule I; Correction". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Dhillon, Uttam (October 25, 2019). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Cyclopropyl Fentanyl, Methoxyacetyl fentanyl, ortho-Fluorofentanyl, and para-Fluorobutyryl Fentanyl in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Jenson, Jerry (May 7, 1975). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Difenoxin in Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2023.
- Evans, D. Christopher (May 4, 2021). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Four Specific Fentanyl-Related Substances in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Milgram, Anne (November 4, 2021). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Isotonitazene in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Milgram, Anne (August 18, 2023). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Metonitazene in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Lawn, John (January 23, 1987). "Placement of MPPP and PEPAP in Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2019. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Patterson, Robert (December 13, 2017). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of MT-45 Into Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
- Evans, D. Christopher (March 31, 2021). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of cyclopentyl fentanyl, isobutyryl fentanyl, para-chloroisobutyryl fentanyl, para-methoxybutyryl fentanyl, and valeryl fentanyl in Schedule I; Correction". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
- Ingersoll, John (January 25, 1972). "Control of Propiram" (PDF). Isomer Design. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- Bensinger, Peter (September 19, 1980). "Placement of Sufentanil and Tilidine in Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2019. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- Milgram, Anne (November 21, 2022). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Zipeprol in Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- Ingersoll, John (June 27, 1972). "Control of Drotebanol" (PDF). Isomer Design. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- Bartels, Jr., John R. (March 29, 1974). "Etorphine Hydrochloride Transfer to Schedule II" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- Greene, Stephen (September 12, 1994). "Schedules of Controlled Substances; Placement of Alpha-Ethyltryptamine Into Schedule I". Federal Register through the Government Publishing Office. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- Bartels, Jr., John R. (September 14, 1973). "Additions to Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- Greene, Stephen (June 2, 1995). "Schedules of Controlled Substances; Placement of 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine Into Schedule I". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
- Bonner, Robert (January 14, 1993). "Placement of Cathinone and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine (DOET) into Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2021. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Leonhart, Michele (March 18, 2004). "Schedules of Controlled Substances; Placement of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine and N-Benzylpiperazine Into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Lawn, John (February 22, 1988). "Scheduling of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act; Remand" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved November 3, 2023.
- Lawn, John (April 13, 1989). "Placement of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine and N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioyamphetamine into Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- Leonhart, Michele (December 20, 2010). "Placement of 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- Leonhart, Michele (September 29, 2004). "Placement of Alpha-Methyltryptamine and 5-Methoxy-N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine Into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act". Federal Register. Drug Enforcement Administration. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- "INCREASING MEDICAL MARIJUANA AND CANNABIDIOL RESEARCH". Sec.2.(a). Retrieved 19 December 2025.
- Lawn, John (November 22, 1982). "Placement of Parahexyl into Schedule I" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 19, 2024. Retrieved August 3, 2024.
- "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of N-Ethylpentylone in Schedule I". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
- "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of N-Ethylhexedrone, α-PHP, 4-MEAP, MPHP, PV8, and 4-Chloro-α-PVP in Schedule I". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30. Retrieved 2019-07-29.
- "Specific Listing for Three Currently Controlled Schedule I Substances". Federal Register. DEA. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
- Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (Feb 10, 2014). "Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of four synthetic cannabinoids into Schedule I. Final order". Fed. Regist. 79 (27): 7577–7582. PMID 24605391.
- Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2015). "Schedules of controlled substances: Temporary placement of three synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I. Final order". Federal Register. 80 (20): 5042–7. PMID 25730924.
- "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Six Synthetic Cannabinoids (5F-ADB, 5F-AMB, 5F-APINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA and MDMB-FUBINACA) Into Schedule I". Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 2017-03-17.
- Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice (2018). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Extension of Temporary Placement of MAB–CHMINACA in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act. Temporary rule; temporary scheduling order; extension". Federal Register. 83 (20): 4411–2. PMID 29461023.
- "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of 5F-EDMB-PINACA, 5F-MDMB-PICA, FUB-AKB48, 5F-CUMYL-PINACA, and FUB-144 into Schedule I". Federal Register.