Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jul 9, 2026

List of largest cities

The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, their metropolitan regions, or the extent of their urban area. A complicating factor is that many large cities in the world have not only homeless or the unhoused, but also vast slum communities. This leads to official census data being less accurate in representing the actual number of residents in a given area.

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The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, their metropolitan regions, or the extent of their urban area. A complicating factor is that many large cities in the world have not only homeless or the unhoused, but also vast slum communities. This leads to official census data being less accurate in representing the actual number of residents in a given area.

Definitions

City proper (administrative unit)

Map
The municipality of Chongqing, China, whose administrative jurisdictional area is approximately the size of Austria, has the largest population of any city proper; over 70% of its residents live in rural areas.

A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known as city proper. UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government.123 Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs.4

The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives.4 Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly from the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities, and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the core urban area into suburban and rural areas.5 The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which is the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are agricultural workers living in a rural setting.67

Metropolitan area

Tokyo, the world's third-largest city by metropolitan population source ↗

A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:

A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).

In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either as a local administrative organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB).8 In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which manages Manila metropolitan area.9 Similar agencies exist in Indonesia, such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area.10

Urban area

A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, with relatively less regard to territorial or administrative boundaries. UNICEF defines urban area as follows:

The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).

According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land.

List

There are 83 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2025 estimates by the United Nations.11

Citya Country UN 2025 population estimates11 City properb Urban area12 Metropolitan areac
Definition Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2) 		Population Area
(km2) 		Density
(/km2)
Jakarta Indonesia Indonesia 41,913,860 Special region 10,154,134 664 15,292
13 		33,756,000 3,546 9,519
d 		33,430,285 7,063 4,733
14
Dhaka Bangladesh Bangladesh 36,585,479 Capital city 10,295,407 338 30,460
1516 		19,134,000 619 30,911 36,585,479 2,570 14,236 17
Tokyo Japan Japan 33,412,512 Metropolis prefecture 13,515,271 2,191 6,169
18 		37,785,000 8,231 4,591
e 		37,274,000 13,452 2,771
19
Delhi India India 30,222,405 National Capital Territory 16,753,235 1,484 11,289
20 		32,226,000 2,344 13,748
f 		29,000,000 3,483 8,326
21
Shanghai China China 29,558,908 Municipality 24,870,895 6,341 3,922
2223 		24,073,000 4,333 5,556
g 		31,050,000 14,923 2,081
Guangzhou China China 27,563,372 City (sub-provincial) 18,676,605 7,434 2,512
22 		26,940,000 4,535 5,940
h 		32,623,413 4,194 7,778
Cairo Egypt Egypt 25,566,102 Urban governorate 10,044,894 3,085 3,256
24
20,296,000 2,010 10,098 22,183,000 2,734 8,114
Manila Philippines Philippines 24,735,305 National Capital Region 15,531,900 636 24,421
25 		24,922,000 1,911 13,041
i 		30,785,176 7,967 3,864
25
Kolkata India India 22,549,738 Municipal corporation 4,496,694 206 21,829
26 		21,747,000 1,352 16,085 15,333,000 1,887 8,126
27
Seoul South Korea South Korea 22,490,482 Special city 10,013,781 605 16,552
28 		23,016,000 2,769 8,312 25,514,000 11,704 2,180
28
Karachi Pakistan Pakistan 21,422,590 Metropolitan city 15,738,000 591 26,629
2930 		20,249,000 1,124 18,015 20,249,000 1,124 18,015
3132
Mumbai India India 20,203,056 Municipal corporation 12,478,447 603 20,694
33 		24,973,000 976 25,587
j 		23,598,000 6,328 3,729
34
São Paulo Brazil Brazil 18,949,790 Municipality 12,252,023 1,521 8,055
35 		23,086,000 3,649 6,327
k 		21,734,682 7,947 2,735
36
Bangkok Thailand Thailand 18,180,280 Special administrative area 8,305,218 1,569 5,293
37 		18,007,000 3,199 5,629 16,255,900 7,762 2,094
38
Mexico City Mexico Mexico 17,734,212 City-state 9,209,944 1,485 6,202
39 		21,804,000 2,530 8,618 21,804,515 7,866 2,772
40
Beijing China China 17,013,303 Municipality 21,893,095 16,411 1,334
2223 		18,522,000 4,284 4,324 22,366,547 1,334 16,765
Lahore Pakistan Pakistan 15,156,430 Metropolitan city 13,004,135 1,772 7,339
41 		12,306,000 945 13,022 13,004,135 1,772 7,339
Istanbul Turkey Turkey 15,014,763 Metropolitan municipality 15,519,267 5,196 2,987
42 		14,441,000 1,471 9,817 15,701,602 5,343 2,939
Moscow Russia Russia 14,524,753 Federal city 13,200,000 2,511 5,257
4344 		17,332,000 6,154 2,816 20,004,462
45 		N/a N/a
Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Vietnam 14,052,713 Municipality 7,431,000 2,061 3,606
46 		15,136,000 2,165 6,991 21,281,639 30,595 696
Buenos Aires Argentina Argentina 14,017,736 Autonomous city 3,054,300 203 15,046
47 		16,710,000 3,437 4,862 16,710,000 3,437 4,862 48
New York City United States United States 13,920,148 City 8,804,190 778 11,316
49 		21,509,000 13,318 1,615
l 		23,143,09750 12,093 1,665
Shenzhen China China 13,878,396 City (sub-provincial) 17,494,398 2,050 8,534
22 		17,619,000 1,803 9,772 N/a N/a N/a
Bengaluru India India 13,187,098 Municipal corporation 8,443,675 709 11,909
51 		8,443,675 741 11,395 10,456,000 8,005 1,306
Osaka Japan Japan 12,964,145 Designated city 2,725,006 225 12,111
18 		15,126,000 3,020 5,009
m 		19,303,000 13,228 1,459
19
Lagos Nigeria Nigeria 12,791,699 Metropolitan city N/a N/a N/a 16,637,000 1,966 8,462 21,000,000 1,171 17,933
52
Los Angeles United States United States 12,740,420 City 3,990,456 1,214 3,287
49 		15,204,000 6,351 2,394 18,372,485
53 		12,559 1,058
Chennai India India 11,153,205 Municipal corporation 6,727,000 426 15,791
5455 		12,395,000 1,085 11,424 11,564,000 2,280 5,072
56
Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo DR Congo 10,943,641 City-province 17,071,000 9,965 1,713
57 		12,836,000 474 27,080 17,778,500 9,965 1,784
Bogotá Colombia Colombia 10,624,315 Capital District 7,963,000 1,587 5,018
58 		10,085,000 562 17,945 12,545,272 5,934 2,114
59
Lima Peru Peru 10,580,241 Metropolitan municipality 8,894,000 2,672 3,329
60 		10,320,000 891 11,582 9,569,468 2,819 3,395
61
London United Kingdom United Kingdom 10,416,420 Administrative arean 8,825,001 1,572 5,614
63 		11,262,000 1,738 6,480 14,372,596
64 		8,382 1,715
Rio de Janeiro Brazil Brazil 9,500,336 Municipality 6,520,000 1,221 5,340
65 		12,592,000 2,020 6,234 12,644,321 5,327 2,374
66
Paris France France 9,381,921 Commune 2,148,271 105 20,460
67 		11,060,000 2,853 3,877 12,244,807 18,941 646
Hyderabad India India 9,190,795 Municipal corporation 6,993,262 650 10,759
6869 		10,494,000 1,404 7,474 10,494,000 7,257 1,446
Tehran Iran Iran 9,174,964 Capital city 9,033,003 751 12,028
7071 		14,148,000 1,704 8,303 14,557,000 2,235 6,513
Luanda Angola Angola 9,051,000 Municipality 2,165,867 116 18,671
72 		9,051,000 1,005 9,006 11,370,000 1,876 6,061
Bandung Indonesia Indonesia 8,909,104 City 2,528,160 167 15,176 7,203,000 487 14,791 9,143,808 3,458 2,644
Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Malaysia 8,443,731 Capital city (Federal territory) 1,768,000 243 7,276
73 		8,911,000 2,163 4,120 7,200,000 2,793 2,578
74
Dar es Salaam Tanzania Tanzania 7,795,114 City 5,383,728 1,393 3,865
75 		7,962,000 961 8,285 10,599,999 1,599 6,629
Suzhou China China 7,731,101 Prefecture-level city 12,748,262 8,488 1,502
22 		6,031,000 1,386 4,351 12,748,252 12,493 1,020
Ahmedabad India India 7,632,408 Municipal corporation 5,570,585 464 12,006
76 		8,009,000 404 19,824 6,300,000
77 		N/a N/a
Hangzhou China China 7,500,208 City (sub-provincial) 11,936,010 16,596 719
22 		9,523,000 1,344 7,086 13,035,329 16,821 775
Wuhan China China 7,363,548 City (sub-provincial) 12,447,718 8,494 1,465
22 		12,447,718 1,722 7,229 13,739,000 8,494 1,617
Tianjin China China 7,285,342 Municipality 13,866,009 11,920 1,163
2223 		10,368,000 2,813 3,686 N/a N/a N/a
Alexandria Egypt Egypt 7,266,957 Urban governorate 5,441,866 2,300 2,36678 4,712,000 293 16,082 N/a N/a N/a
Nagoya Japan Japan 7,146,160 Designated city 2,320,361 326 7,118
18 		9,197,000 3,704 2,483 9,363,000 7,271 1,288
19
Johannesburg South Africa South Africa 7,077,175 Metropolitan municipality 4,803,262 1,643 2,92479 14,586,000 4,040 3,610
o 		N/a N/a N/a
Chongqing China China 7,071,073 Municipality 32,054,159 82,403 389
8023 		12,135,000 1,580 7,680 32,054,159 82,403 389
Riyadh Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 6,916,417 Municipality 6,694,000 1,913 3,499
81 		7,237,000 1,673 4,326 N/a N/a N/a
Surat India India 6,908,925 Municipal corporation 4,466,826 327 13,660
82 		6,538,000 238 27,471 N/a N/a N/a
Surabaya Indonesia Indonesia 6,843,503 City 3,018,022 336 8,984 6,556,000 912 7,189 10,081,343 6,309 1,598
Pune India India 6,817,951 Municipal corporation 3,124,458 485 6,447
83 		8,231,000 650 12,663 7,276,000 7,256 1,003
84
Khartoum Sudan Sudan 6,809,355 N/a 1,410,858
85 		N/a N/a 7,869,000 1,031 7,632 N/a N/a N/a
Nanjing China China 6,800,676 City (sub-provincial) 9,314,685 6,582 1,415
22 		8,422,000 1,614 5,218 N/a N/a N/a
Santiago Chile Chile 6,726,045 City (commune) 236,453 22 10,748
86 		7,171,000 1,147 6,252 7,112,808 15,403 462
87
Chicago United States United States 8,864,000 City 2,746,388 589 4,663
49 		9,057,000 7,006 1,293 9,806,18488 18,640 516
Chengdu China China 8,813,000 City (sub-provincial) 20,937,757 14,378 1,456
22 		20,937,757 1,935 10,821 20,937,757 14,378 1,456
Xi'an China China 7,444,000 City (sub-provincial) 12,183,280 10,135 1,202
22 		12,328,000 1,826 6,751 12,328,000 10,762 1,146
Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 7,429,000 City 7,298,600 1,104 6,611
8990 		7,450,000 290 25,690 N/a N/a N/a
Dongguan China China 7,360,000 Prefecture-level city 10,466,625 2,465 4,246
22 		10,646,000 1,759 6,052 N/a N/a N/a
Foshan China China 7,236,000 Prefecture-level city 9,498,863 3,848 2,469
22 		N/a
p 		N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a
Shenyang China China 6,921,000 City (sub-provincial) 8,294,000 12,980 639
22 		7,964,000 1,551 5,135
q 		8,294,000 12,980 639
Baghdad Iraq Iraq 6,812,000 Urban governorate 8,126,755 5,200 1,563
91 		6,183,000 694 8,909 8,141,000 12,869 633
Madrid Spain Spain 6,497,000 Municipality 3,266,126 606 5,390
92 		6,211,000 1,365 4,550 6,641,649 N/a N/a
Harbin China China 6,115,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,635,971 53,068 200
22 		3,830,000 671 5,708 10,009,854 53,068 189
Houston United States United States 6,115,000 City 2,325,502 1,553 1,497
49 		6,500,000 4,931 1,318 7,765,149 21,395 363
93
Dallas United States United States 6,099,000 City 1,345,047 882 1,525
49 		6,950,000 5,278 1,317
r 		9,021,108 22,463 402
94
Toronto Canada Canada 6,082,000 City 2,731,571 630 4,336
9596 		6,771,000 2,344 2,889 5,928,040 5,906 1,004
97
Miami United States United States 6,036,000 City 470,914 93 5,069
49 		6,058,000 3,313 1,829 6,158,824 15,890 388
Belo Horizonte Brazil Brazil 5,972,000 City 2,502,557 331 7,563 5,328,000 1,287 4,140 5,156,217 9,459 545
Singapore Singapore Singapore 5,792,000 Country 5,638,700 726 7,770 5,983,000 523 11,440 N/a N/a N/a
Philadelphia United States United States 5,695,000 Consolidated city-county 1,526,006 370 4,129 5,799,000 5,429 1,068 7,381,187 N/a N/a
Atlanta United States United States 5,572,000 City 498,715 354 1,408 5,478,000 7,400 740 6,976,171 21,690 322
Fukuoka Japan Japan 5,551,000 Designated city 1,588,924 343 4,627 2,286,000 505 4,527 N/a N/a N/a
Barcelona Spain Spain 5,494,000 Municipality 1,620,343 101 15,980
98 		4,800,000 1,072 4,478 5,474,482
99 		N/a N/a
Saint Petersburg Russia Russia 5,383,000 Federal city 5,601,911 1,400 4,001100 5,445,000 1,510 3,606 N/a N/a N/a
Qingdao China China 5,381,000 City (sub-provincial) 10,071,722 11,229 897101 6,229,000 1,759 3,541 N/a N/a N/a
Dalian China China 5,300,000 City (sub-provincial) 7,450,785 13,742 542102 4,135,000 1,044 3,961 N/a N/a N/a
Washington, D.C. United States United States 5,207,000 Federal district 702,455 177 3,969
49 		7,631,000 5,501 1,387
s 		10,237,545 17,009 602
103
Yangon Myanmar Myanmar 5,157,000 City 4,728,524104 N/a N/a 6,874,000 666 10,321 N/a N/a N/a
Jinan China China 5,052,000 City (sub-provincial) 9,202,432 10,244 898
2223 		4,017,000 932 4,310 N/a N/a N/a
Guadalajara Mexico Mexico 5,023,000 Municipality 1,385,621 151 9,176
39 		5,525,000 816 6,771 5,286,642 3,560 1,485
See also

See also

Notes

Notes

  1. For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
  2. Figures taken from official census when possible
  3. Figures taken from official census when possible
  4. Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
  5. Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
  6. Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
  7. Includes Taicang
  8. Includes the city of Foshan.
  9. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
  10. Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
  11. Includes Francisco Morato
  12. Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
  13. Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
  14. Greater London is defined by the London Government Act 1963 as an "administrative area",62 and administered since 2000 by the Greater London Authority. Greater London is coterminous with the London region (a non-administrative area) and divided into the City of London and 32 London boroughs, each a separate local government area. See subdivisions of England.
  15. Includes Pretoria
  16. Included in Guangzhou
  17. Includes the city of Fushun.
  18. Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
  19. Includes the city of Baltimore.
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