Article · Wikipedia archive · Last revised Jul 19, 2026

List of famines

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Jul 19, 2026
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Wikipedia ↗
Depiction of victims of the Irish Great Famine, 1845–1852. source ↗

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Global famines history

List

Date Event Location Death toll (where known; estimated)
c. 2,700 BC Seven year famine, recorded on the Famine Stela12 Egypt
2200 BC–2100 BC The 4.2-kiloyear event caused famines and civilizational collapse worldwide Global
441 BC The first famine recorded in ancient Rome. Ancient Rome3
114 BC Famine caused by drought during the third year in the Yuanding period. Starvation in over 40 commanderies east of the Hangu mountain pass.4 Han China
103 BC–89 BC Beminitiya Seya during the reign of the Five Dravidians5 Anuradhapura kingdom
c. 43 BC Famine due to volcanic winter following the eruption of Mount Etna in 44 BC and the larger eruption of Mount Okmok early in 43 BC,6 affecting China (43 BC),7 Italy (43 BC), Egypt (c. 43 BC – c. 42 BC) and Greece (42 BC).6 Roman Republic, Egypt and China
26 BC Famine recorded throughout Near East and Levant, as recorded by Josephus Judea 20,000+
333 AD Famine in Antioch8 Coele Syria, Roman Empire
368–369 Famine910 during the drought of the 360s–370s11 Cappadocia, Byzantine Empire
370 Famine in Phrygia Phrygia
372–373 Famine in Edessa Edessa
375–376 Famine during the drought of the 360s–370s11 Byzantine Empire
383 Famine in Rome. A policy had been introduced in 364 AD that stipulated taxes in Rome had to be paid in grain12 Italian Peninsula
400–800 Various famines in Western Europe associated with the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and its sack by Alaric I. Between 400 and 800 AD, the population of the city of Rome fell by over 80%, mainly because of famine and plague. Western Europe
470 Famine Gaul
535–536 Volcanic winter of 536 Global
544 Famine in Myra9 Byzantine Empire
585 Famine Gaul
618–619 Famine in Constantinople9 Byzantine Empire
639 Famine in Arabia during the reign of Umar13 Arabia
676–678 Famine9 Thessalonica, Byzantine Empire
698–700 Famine Ireland14
750s Famine Islamic Spain (Al-Andalus)15
762–764 Famine associated with hard winters and drought16 Carolingian Europe, the Balkans, the Byzantine Empire and possibly north of the Black Sea
779 Famine16 Northern Carolingian Europe and possibly Ireland
791–794 Famine, possibly associated with heavy rain,16 affecting England in 79317 Carolingian Europe and England
800–1000 Severe drought killed millions of Maya people due to famine and thirst and initiated a cascade of internal collapses that destroyed their civilization.18 Mayan areas of Mesoamerica 1,000,000+
805–807 Famine associated with a hard winter and drought16 Northern Carolingian Empire
820–824 Famine associated with heavy rain, hard winters, drought, hail and possibly cattle pestilence16 Carolingian Empire, possibly Ireland, England and the Byzantine Empire
841–845 Famine associated with heavy rain and hard winters16 Northern (and possibly southern) Carolingian Empire, the Byzantine Empire and the Middle East
867–869 Famine associated with heavy rain, flooding and possibly cattle pestilence16 Northern Carolingian Empire
872–874 Famine associated with heavy rain, hail, locusts, a hard winter, drought and Saharan sand16 Carolingian Empire
875–884 Peasant rebellion in China inspired by famine;1920 Huang Chao captured capital China
895–897 Famine associated with hail and a hard winter16 Northern Carolingian Europe, England and Ireland
927–928 Famine caused by four months of frost2122 Byzantine Empire
939–944 Famine associated with hard winters, heavy rain, flooding, Saharan sand, locusts and possibly cattle pestilence16 Northern (and possibly southern) Carolingian Europe, Ireland and the Middle East
942–944 Famine in the Yellow River Basin caused by severe drought and locust plagues. During the first month 5387 families fled, then approximately 10% of the remaining population starved to death.23 China
963–968 Famine Egypt
975–976 Famine17 England
975–976 Famine24 Iceland
996–997 Famine in the Fatimid Caliphate, with food price increases25 Egypt
1004–1007 Famine, resulting in food scarcity, price increases and widespread illnesses. Caliph al-Ḥākim punished merchants who raised prices too high with the death penalty, and prohibited the slaughter of healthy cows which could be used for ploughing25 Maghreb area in Northwest Africa: Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt
1005–1006 Famine, including in England17 Europe26
1010 Famine in Nīshābūr25 Ghaznavid Empire
1016 Famine throughout Europe27 Europe
1021 Famine24 Norway
1025 Famine Egypt
1031 Famine caused by a sandstorm that destroyed crops, trees and provisions25 Arabian Peninsula; Modern day Iraq and Saudi Arabia
c. 1045 Famine17 England
1051 Famine forced the Toltecs to migrate from a stricken region in what is now central Mexico28 Mexico (present day)
1055–1056 Famine Egypt
1057–1058 Famine24 Iceland
1064–1072 Mustansirite Hardship2930 Egypt 40,00029
1069–1070 Harrying of the North England 100,000
1087 Famine17 England
1097 Famine and plague31 France 100,000
1099–1101 Probable famine32 Denmark
1111 Famine17 England
1118 Famine24 Iceland
1124–1126 Famine in England, the Low Countries and northern France33 Europe
1143–1147 Famine Europe
1150–1151 Famine Europe
1150–1151 Widespread famine due to wet/cold34 Japan
1153 Local famine of unknown cause34 Japan
1155 Widespread famine of unknown cause34 Japan
1161 Widespread famine of unknown cause34 Japan
1161–1162 Famine Aquitaine
1174–1175 Local famine due to wet/cold34 Feudal Japan
1180–1182 Yōwa famine35 Japan 42,300 in Kyoto
1182 Famine24 Norway
1183 Local famine of unknown cause34 Japan
1185 Widespread famine due to drought34 Japan
1193–1198 Famine17 England
1196–1197 Famine Europe
1196–1198 Probable famine32 Denmark
1199–1202 Famine due to the low water level of the Nile impacting food prices25 Egypt 100,000
1201 Local famine due to wet/cold34 Japan
1206 Widespread famine of unknown cause34 Japan
1207–1213 Famine(s), e.g. in 1207 and 1211–121324 Norway
1224–1226 Famine Europe
1225–1226 Probable famine32 Denmark
1229–1232 The Kanki famine, possibly the worst famine in Japan's history.36 Caused by volcanic eruptions.37 Japan 2,000,000
1230 Famine in the Novgorod Republic Novgorod Republic
1233 Local famine due to wet/cold34 Japan
1235 Famine38 England 20,000 in London
1252 Famine39 Ethiopia
1252 Widespread famine due to wet/cold34 Japan
1255–126240 Famine in Spain40 and Portugal41 Iberian Peninsula
1256 Famine in Tuscany42 Tuscany
1256–1258 Famine40 Low Countries
1256–1258 Famine43 Italy
1257–1260 Shōga famine, aggravated by the 1257 Samalas eruption44 Japan
1258–12594044 Famine in England,4445 Italy,42 France, the Holy Roman Empire and the Iberian Peninsula, aggravated by the 1257 Samalas eruption44 Western Europe
1263 Famine40 Ireland
1264 Famine in 662 AH (1263/1264 CE). The crisis started in February 1264, following a low flooding of the Nile.46 Egypt
1270–1271 Famine40 Ireland
1271 Widespread famine due to drought34 Japan
1271–1272 Famine43 Italy
1273–1274 Widespread famine due to drought34 Japan
1275–1277 Famine4043 Italy
1275–1299 Collapse of the Anasazi civilization, widespread famine occurred47 United States
1279 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1281–1282 Famine40 Central Europe
1282 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1283 Apparent severe famine48 Denmark
1285–1286 Famine.43 (Perhaps 1286 only.40) Italy
1291 Famine40 caused by years of drought and recorded in one chronicle48 Sweden49
1294–1296 Famine caused by sandstorm that covered plantations and destroyed crops.25 Egypt, Syria, Yemen
1294–1296 Famine lasting 1294–1296 in Ireland and 1295–1296 in Great Britain40 British Isles
1300 Famine due to the eruption of Hekla24 Iceland
1301–1302 Famine40 Spain
1302–1303 Famine4043 Italy
1304 Famine50 France
1305 Famine50 France
1308–1310 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1310 Famine50 France
1310 Probable famine and apparent drought48 Denmark
1311 Famine40 Spain
1311–1312 Famine43 Lombardy, Italy
1313 Famine43 Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy
1314–1315 Famine. Dikes collapsed, fields vanished, crops rotted, and livestock died in huge numbers due to the disease "Rinderpest". The price of wheat jumped "8 fold".12 England
1315–1317 or 1322 Great Famine of 1315–1317. Famine lasted from 1313–1317 in Spain and 1314–1316 in Russia/Ukraine.40 Elsewhere, famine began in 1315 and ended in either 1317 (Great Britain, France, the Low Countries,40 Denmark and Sweden48) or 1318 (Central Europe40 and Ireland4051). Europe52 7,500,000
1319–1320 Great Bovine Pestilence England
1321 Famine England
1322–1325 Famine53 Sardinia
1326–1330 Famine in Italy43 (possibly beginning in 132840), Spain and Ireland Europe
1330–1331 Famine40 with humid, rainy and stormy weather51 Ireland
1330–1332 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1330–1333 Famine France
1333–1336 Famine40 (see Lo mal any primer53) Spain
1333–1337 Chinese famine of 1333–1337 China54 6,000,000
1338–1339 Famine40 (possibly just 133951) Ireland
1339–1341 Famine in Italy43 (possibly ending in 134040), Spain and Ireland Europe
1344–1345 Famine in India, under the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq55 India
1346 Famine40 Ireland
1346–1348 Following a likely tropical volcanic eruption (or series of eruptions) c. 1345 and cool weather (plus heavy autumn rain in Italy) lasting 1345–1347,53 there was a widespread European famine, particularly in the south, including Italy (1346–1347),43 Spain (1346–1348)40 and southern53 France (1347).40 Dearth or famine also affected Egypt and the Levant, and cereals peaked in price in the Hejaz. Grain imports from the Black Sea region may have introduced the Black Death to Italy in 1347.53 Europe and the Mamluk Sultanate
1349–1351 Famine40 affecting England (1351)50 and coinciding with the Black Death56 Great Britain
1349–1351 Famine France
1352–1353 Famine43 Italy
1358–1360 Famine40 France
1361–1362 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1364–1366 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1368 Famine43 Italy
1369 Famine England
1369–1370 Famine43 Florence, Tuscany, Italy
1370 Famine caused by harvest failure in 136957 Norway
1371 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1371 Famine France
1374 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1374–1375 Near pan-Mediterranean famine in France, Spain40 and Italy4043 Europe
1374–1375 Famine Egypt
1384–1385 Famine43 Italy
1389 Famine43 Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy
1390–1391 Famine France
1393 Famine43 Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy
1394–1396 Famine Egypt
1397 Famine, with a windy, wet and cold summer and autumn51 Ireland
1396–1407 The Durga Devi famine India5827
1402–1404 Famine8 Ottoman Empire
1403–1404 Famine Egypt
1409 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1410 Great famine4051 Ireland
1410–1412 Famine43 Italy
1420–1421 Oei famine (due to drought)59 Japan
1420–1421 Famine40 France
1420–1423 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1426 Great Famine in Majapahit Empire60 Majapahit Empire
1429–1432 Famine40 France
1431 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1432–1434 The Hungry Years Czech Republic
1434–1437 Famine40 Nordic countries
1435 Famine40 Spain
1436–1440 Famine in Russia/Ukraine (1436–1438), the Low Countries and Great Britain (1437–1438), France (1437–1439)40 and Germany and Switzerland (1437–1440)61 Europe
1441 Famine in Mayapan Mexico62
1442–1445 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1446 Famine40 Nordic countries
1447 Famine40 (or hunger51) Ireland
1447–1448 Famine63 Sweden
1450–1454 Famine in the Aztec Empire,64 interpreted as the gods' need for sacrifices.65 Mexico
1458 Famine43 Italy
1459–1461 Kanshō famine66 (due to drought)59 Japan 82,000
1460 The Deccan region faced significant famine, leading to severe food shortages.67 India
1468 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1470 Famine40 France
1470 Famine40 Nordic countries
1472 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1472 Famine in central Honshu due to drought68 Japan
1472–1474 Famine4069 Italy
1475–1477 Famine40 Spain
1476 Famine4069 Italy
1477 Famine in central Honshu68 Japan
1481–1484 Famine(s) in the Low Countries (1481–1482), France (1481–1483),40 the East of England (1481–1483)70 and Italy (1482–1484)4069 Western Europe
1485 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1491–1492 Famine40 Low Countries
1491–1492 Famine68 Kai Province, Japan
1492 Famine40 Ireland
1493 Famine4069 Italy
1497–1498 Great famine4051 (possibly just 149751) Ireland
1502–1505 Famine4069 Italy
1503 Famine40 Nordic countries
1504 Famine during a drought71 Spain
1506–1508 Famine40 Spain
1512 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1513 Famine during a drought71 Murcia, Spain
1515 Famine40 France
1515–1516 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1516–1518 Famine40 Germany and Switzerland61
1518–1520 Famine4069 Italy
1520–1523 Famine40 Nordic countries
1521–1522 Famine(s)40 France and the Low Countries
1521–1522 Famine40 during a drought71 Andalusia,7172 Spain
1523 Great famine4051 Ireland
1525 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1527–1532 Famine(s) in Italy (1527–1529),4069 France (1527–1532,40 including Languedoc by 152873), Spain (1528–1530)40 and Austria and Switzerland (1530–1531)61 Europe
1533–1534 Famine4069 Italy
1535 Famine in Ethiopia Ethiopia
1539–1540 Famine6974 Italy
1539–1540 Tenbun famine (due to rain)59 Japan
1540 Famine during a drought71 Spain
1544–1545 Famine4069 Italy
1545 Famine40 France
1550–1551 Famine in isolated areas of central Honshu due to an earthquake and typhoon75 Japan
1550–1552 Famine4069 Italy
1556 Famine40 Ireland
1556–1557 Famine40 Low Countries
1556–1557 Famine40 (perhaps affecting Denmark but not Sweden, and perhaps only in 155663) Nordic countries40
155740 Famine40 in the Volga region and northern Russia76 Russia
1557 Famine40 throughout Spain due to a rainy winter, coinciding with a typhus outbreak77 Spain
1557–1558 Famine in Honshu75 Japan
1557–1559 Famine40 coinciding with an influenza outbreak78 Great Britain
1558–1560 Famine4069 Italy
1560–1561 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1562 Famine40 following a harsh winter in 156179 France
1565–1566 Famine40 Central Europe
1566–1567 Famine during a drought71 Andalusia, Spain
1567–1570 Famine in Harar, combined with plague. The Emir of Harar died. Ethiopia
1568–1574 Pan-European famine or famines affecting Russia and mostly east of Ukraine (1568–1572),40 Italy (1569–1572),4069 Germany, Austria and Switzerland (1569–1574),61 the Nordic countries (1571–1572), the Low Countries (1572–1573) and France (1573–1574).40 Germany/Austria/Switzerland saw crop failures, plague and witch hunts in one of their most severe famines.61 Europe
1573 Famine due to drought75 Western Japan
1585–1589 Pan-European famine or famines, affecting Great Britain, France and the Low Countries (1585–1587),40 Italy (1586–1587)4069 and Ireland (1586–1589).4051 In Ireland, this famine followed the Second Desmond Rebellion.80 Western Europe
1586 Famine and drought. Rice prices skyrocketed and there was widespread population migration and starvation.81 Qishan County, Shaanxi province, China
1588 Famine81 Wei County, Hebei province, China
1589 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1590–159882 Major European famine,83 including Italy (1590–1593),406984 the Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway,85 1590–1597),408485 Russia/Ukraine (1591),40 Spain (1591–1595),4084 France (1593 & 1598),84 Great Britain (either 1594–159884 or 1597–159940), Germany and Austria (1594–1598).61 The degree to which this should be considered one widespread famine as opposed to many regional ones is unclear: it mainly affected southern Europe in 1590–1593, then central and northern Europe in 1594–1598. The famine may also be associated with a critical phase of the Little Ice Age. It caused the large-scale restructuring of European grain trade routes, which contributed to the Low Countries' avoiding this famine.86 Europe
1592–1594 Famine during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), known in Korea as the Kyegap Famine (Korean: 계갑대기근; Hanja: 癸甲大飢饉).87 Joseon
1593–1600 Famine88 Portugal
1596 Famine89 India
1599–1600 Famine40 Spain
1600–1601 Famine in Emilia and southern Lombardy90 Italy
1600–1603 Famine linked to the Nine Years' War91 Ireland
1601–1602 Cooling, famine and epidemics following the eruption of Huaynaputina in 16007 Guizhou and Shanxi provinces, China
1601–1603 One of the worst famines in all of Russian history, with as many as 100,000 in Moscow and up to one-third of the country's population killed; see Russian famine of 1601–1603.92 The same famine killed about half of the Estonian population. Russia 2,000,000
1601–160340 Famine in 1601 in Finland93 and in 1602–1603 in Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway,94 following the eruption of Huaynaputina in 160095 Nordic countries
1602 Famine40 Central Europe
1602 Famine40 Great Britain
1605–1607 Famine40 Spain
1607–1608 Famine4069 Italy
1608 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1615–1616 Famine40 Spain
1616–1623 Famine88 Portugal
1618–1622 Famine4069 Italy
1618–1648 Famines in Europe caused by the Thirty Years' War, including in 1620–1623 in Germany (often attributed to Kipper und Wipper, violent conflict, the closing of borders and trade routes, and requisitioning by armies),96 possibly in 1628–1630 in Jutland97 and in 1635–1636 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. In the 1630s, famine in these countries was frequent but more local, often resulting from occupation or sieges.96 Europe
1619 Famine in Japan. During the Edo period, there were 154 famines, of which 21 were widespread and serious.98 Japan
1621–1624 Famine40 Nordic countries
1622–1624 Famine (possibly 1623–1625 in Great Britain40) in North West England, Ireland,99 north-west Wales (1622–1623)100 and Scotland99 (where it hit in 1623, following harvest failures in the autumns of 1621–1622),101 due to wet and cold weather.99 British Isles
1623 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1625–1626 Famine40 Low Countries
1625–1630 Famine(s) involving plague and witch hunts, due to exceptionally bad harvests96 Austria and Germany
1626–1627 Pyŏngjŏng Famine (Korean: 병정대기근; Hanja: 丙丁大飢饉)102 Joseon
1628–1630 Famine40 or apparent famine in Sweden (1630), with people eating bark in the south of Sweden93 Nordic countries40
1628–1632 Famine69 Italy
1629–1631 Famine.40 According to the prevailing literature, this was England's last famine.103 Great Britain
1630–1631 Famine in Northwest China China
1630–1631 Famine40 Spain
1630–1632 Deccan famine of 1630–1632 India 7,400,000
1630–1632 Famine88 Portugal
1631–1632 Famine40 (possibly 1630–163189) France
1633–1634 Famine in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Sweden's Baltic possessions104 Swedish Empire and Norway
1636 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1640–1643 Kan'ei Great Famine Japan 50,000–100,000
1641–1643 Famine40 Nordic countries
1641–165240 A succession of famines related to the Irish Confederate Wars. Deaths were concentrated in the more sparsely populated Ulster and north-east Connacht in the 1640s; afterwards, the south was worst affected and plague exacerbated the famine.80 Ireland
1647–1649 Famine40 including in northern England (1649)10589 Great Britain
1647–1652 Famine in Spain40 and Portugal88 Iberian Peninsula
1648–1649 Famine40106 Italy
1648–1651 Famine40 Low Countries
1648–1652 Famine40 in the east (1650–1652),107 possibly 1649–1652.89 France
1648–1660 The Deluge saw Poland lose an estimated 1/3 of its population due to wars, famine, and plague Poland
1650–1652 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1650–1652 Famine due to severe crop failures in 1650 and 1651. Grain exports were banned and grain was imported from the Baltic states. The crude death rate was over twice the normal value in the east in 1650, and in the north, middle and east in 1651–1652.108 Sweden
1651–1652 Famine due to exceptionally bad harvests96 Germany
1651–1653 Famine throughout much of Ireland during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.109 The more densely populated south was worst affected, and plague exacerbated the famine.110 Ireland
1657–1663 Famine88 Portugal
1659–1662 Famine(s) in Italy and Spain (1659–1662), and in France, Central Europe and the Low Countries (1661–1662)40 Europe
1661 Famine in India, due to lack of any rainfall for two years11127 India
1670–1671 Kyungshin Famine Joseon 1,000,000112–1,500,000
1672 Famine in southern Italy113 Italy
1674 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1674–1676 Famine40 Low Countries
1674–1677 Famine40 Nordic countries
1675–1677 Famine affecting northern and central Sweden (1675), inland and coastal Norway (1676) and Denmark (1676–1677)114 Scandinavia
1675–1678 Famine88 Portugal
1676 Famine40 France
1677 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1678–1679 Famine40115 Italy
1678–1685 Famines and plague40 Spain
1680 Famine in Sardinia116 Italy (present day) 80,000117
1680–1682 Enpo-Tenna famine (due to rain)59 Japan
1680s Famine in Sahel107 West Africa
1690s Seven Ill Years – a famine which killed 5–15% of the population118 (possibly 1697–169940) Scotland 60,000–180,000
1691–1695 Particularly severe famine due to severe rain and cold, which reduced harvests119 Germany, Austria and Switzerland
1692–1694 Famine40 Low Countries
1693–1694 Great Famine of 1693–1694 France 700,000–1,300,00089120
1693–1697 Major European famine103 affecting Germany, Austria and Switzerland (1691–1695),119 the Low Countries (1692–1694),40 France (Great Famine of 1693–1694),103 Italy (1693–169540121), where it was second only to the 1590s famine,103 Portugal (1693–1697),88 Spain (1694–1699),40 Finland and Estonia (Great Famine of 1695–1697),103 Russia/Ukraine (1695–1697),40 Norway (1696) and Sweden (1696–1698)122 and Great Britain (Seven Ill Years, 1697–1699)40 Europe
1694–1699 Famine40 Spain
1695–1696 First Genroku famine (due to rain)59 Japan
1695–1697 Great Famine of Estonia, which killed about a fifth of the population. Swedish Estonia and Swedish Livonia 70,000–100,000
1695–1698 Great Famine of 1695–1697, including the Great Famine of Estonia. Famine also hit Norway (1696)122 and Sweden (1696–1698,122 80,000–100,000 dead) Swedish Empire and Norway 150,000 in Finland
1696 Famine in Aleppo8 Ottoman Empire
1696–1699 Ŭlbyŏng famine Joseon 1,410,000 per official Annals, but possibly higher.123
1698–1699 Famine40 Low Countries
1698–1701 Famine due to severe rain and cold, which reduced harvests119 Germany, Austria and Switzerland
1700 Famine, with mortality around 35% above the normal rate122 Denmark
1701–1703 Second Genroku famine (due to rain)59 Japan
1702–1704 Famine in Deccan124 India 2,000,000124
1706–1711 Famine40 Spain
1708–1711103 Famine in Spain (1706–1711), the Low Countries (1708–1710),40 Italy (170969 or 1708–170940), France (1709–1710),40 probably Sweden and Finland (1709–1710, coinciding with the Great Northern War and the Great Northern War plague outbreak), Denmark (1710)125 and Germany and Austria (1709–1712).119 Europe
1708–1711 Famine and disease in East Prussia killed 250,000 people or 41% of its population.73 According to other sources the great mortality was due to plague (disease), which between 1709 and 1711 killed about 200,000–250,000 out of 600,000 inhabitants of East Prussia.126 The Great Northern War plague outbreak of 1708–1712 also affected East Prussia. East Prussia 250,000
1709–1710 The Great Famine of 1709 France89127 600,000
1709–1712 Famine following the Großer Winter (Great Winter) of 1708–1709, coinciding with the Great Palatine Migration of 1709119 Germany and Austria
1714–1715 Famine40 Central Europe
1716 Famine40128 Italy
1717 Famine in the north and west129 Sweden
1718–1719 Famine40 France
1719 High mortality probably connected to famine130 Denmark
1719–1721 Famine40 Central Europe
1721–1724 Famine40 Russia/Ukraine
1722 Famine Arabia131
1724 Famine40128 Italy
1724–1725 Famine61 Germany
1727–1728 Perhaps England's last famine. Limited to a few parishes,89 there were food riots and increased mortality, but contemporaries did not consider this a famine, and the prevailing literature considers the 1629–1631 famine England's last.103 The Midlands, England
1728–1730 High mortality probably connected to famine130 Denmark
1730 Famine73 Silesia
1730s Famine in Damascus8 Ottoman Empire
1732–1733 Kyōhō famine Japan 12,172–169,000132
1738–1756 Famine in West Africa, half the population of Timbuktu died of starvation133 West Africa
1739–1740 Famine associated with extremely cold winter(s) (Große Kälte)119 Germany and Austria
1740–1741 Irish Famine (1740–1741) Ireland 300,000–480,000
1740–1743 Famine in central Sweden (1740), eastern Norway (1742), northern and central Sweden (1743) and probably Denmark (1740–1742)134 Scandinavia
1750–1756 Famine in the Senegambia region135 Senegal, Gambia (present day)
1755–1757 Horeki famine (due to rain)59 Japan
1755–1758 Famine coinciding with crop failures and the Seven Years' War61 Germany
1756–1757 Partial famine and influenza epidemic. There was a modest public relief effort and a temporary embargo on distilling.136 Ireland
1757 Famine8 Syria
1758 Regional famine following crop failures in 1756–1757, with high mortality also affecting other counties137 Kopparberg County, Sweden
1763 Regional famine, with high mortality also affecting other counties137 Gothenburg and Bohus County, Sweden
1763–1764 High mortality probably connected to famine and coinciding with an influenza pandemic130 Denmark
1764 Famine in Italy (including the Kingdom of Naples138) during a period of drought139 Italy
1765 Famine140 Norway
1766 Smaller famine141 Ireland
1767 Famine during a period of drought139 Italy
1769–1773 Great Bengal famine of 1770,27 10 million dead (one third of population) India, Bangladesh (present day) 10,000,000
1770–1772 Severe famine in German-speaking lands and most neighbouring countries, due to a series of harvest failures. Heavy rain had affected an area stretching from France to Poland and from Scandinavia to Switzerland, impeding the storage and transportation of grain. Epidemic disease resulted from malnutrition and migration. In the Ore Mountains and Bohemia, around 200,000 people (10% of the population) either died or fled. The famine provoked migration, plus changes in education, economics, welfare and medicine.142 See also: Famines in Czech lands. Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Bohemia 60,000 in Saxony143
1771–1773 Famine in Norway (1771–1773),144 central Sweden (1772–1773) and Finland.145 Norway saw a mortality crisis during 1771–1773, and famine in the east in 1773.140 In Sweden, mortailty peaked in 1773, with about half of excess mortality due to dysentery.146 Nordic countries
1776 Famine following a series of hurricanes that struck the island147 Martinique
1779 Famine in Rabat Morocco148
1782 Famine in Karahisar8 Ottoman Empire
1782–1784 Famine leading to an embargo on food exports from June 1783–January 1784136 Ireland
1782–1788 Great Tenmei famine Japan 20,000–920,000
1783–1784 Chalisa famine India 11,000,000149
1783–1785 Famine in Iceland caused by the eruption of Laki killed around one-fifth150 or 26%151 of Iceland's population and 80% of livestock. Restrictions on fishing prevented most Icelanders from adopting fishing as an alternative to farming.151 Iceland
1784 Widespread famine throughout Egypt, one-sixth of the population died152 Egypt
1784–1785 Famine in Tunisia153 Tunisia
c. 1785 Famine140 Norway
1786–1787 The last famine in Denmark, following bad harvests in 1785–1786. Due to grain imports, Copenhagen was less affected than the rest of Denmark.154 Denmark

1788 The two years previous to the French Revolution saw bad harvests and harsh winters, possibly because of a strong El Niño cycle155 or caused by the 1783 Laki eruption in Iceland.156157 France
1789 Famine in Ethiopia afflicted the Amhara and Tigray Regions Ethiopia
1789–1793 Doji bara famine or Skull famine India 11,000,000
1796 Famine caused by locusts39 Northern Ethiopia
1799–1800 Famine in Diyarbakır8 Ottoman Empire
1799–1801 Famine and disease. Emergency rice and maize imports were bought from the United States.158 Ireland 40,000
1800 Regional famine159 Jämtland County, Sweden
1801 Famine (during a food crisis in Milan lasting 1799–1801)160 Italy
1801 Regional famine161 Västerbotten County, Sweden
1804–1872, 1913 A series of 14 famines in Austrian Galicia Poland, Ukraine (present day) 400,000–550,000
1808 Regional famine161 Skaraborg County, Sweden
1809 Regional famines137 Jämtland and Västerbotten counties, Sweden
1809–1815 Crop failure due to dry weather conditions. Joseon (Korea) 2,000,000162
1811–1812 Famine devastated Madrid163 Spain 20,000164
1812 Regional famine137 Östergötland County, Sweden
1815 Eruption of Mount Tambora. Tens of thousands died in subsequent famine Indonesia 10,000
1816–1817 Year Without a Summer Europe and Yunnan 65,000+ in Europe
1822 Famine165 Western Ireland
1831 Famine141 Ireland
1830–1833 Famine, claimed to have killed 42% of the population Cape Verde 30,000166
1832–1833 Guntur famine of 1832 Madras Presidency, India 150,000
1832–1833 Famine130 Finland
1833–1837 Tenpō famine Japan
1837–1838 Agra famine of 1837–1838 India 800,000
1845–1857 Highland Potato Famine Scotland 150,000 estimated
1845–1852 Great Famine Ireland

1,000,000 estimated deaths167 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 that emigrated168

1846 Famine led to the peasant revolt known as "Maria da Fonte" in the north of Portugal169 Portugal
1846–1848 The Newfoundland Potato Famine, related to the Great Famine of Ireland Newfoundland, present-day Canada
1849–1850 Demak and Grobogan in central Java, caused by four successive crop failures due to drought. Indonesia 83,000170
1857–1858 Famine130 Finland
1860–1861 Black Winter of 1860–1861171 Qajar Iran
1860–1861 Upper Doab famine of 1860–1861 India 2,000,000
1863–1867 Famine in Cape Verde Cape Verde 30,000172
1866 Orissa famine of 1866 India 1,000,000173
1866 Keio famine (due to rain)59 Japan
1866–1868 Finnish famine of 1866–1868. About 15% of the entire population died Finland 150,000+
1866–1868 Famine in French Algeria174 French Algeria 820,000
1867–1869 Swedish famine of 1867–1869 Northern Sweden175
1869 Rajputana famine of 1869 India 1,500,000173
1869–1870 Famines due to weather, with North Hamgyong Province particularly affected.176 Joseon
1870–1872 Persian famine of 1870–1872, extended by some scholars from 1869 to 1873177 Qajar Iran 200,000–3,000,000 Estimates vary178
1873–1874 Famine in Anatolia caused by drought and floods179180 Turkey (present day)
1873–1874 Bihar famine of 1873–1874 India
1876–1878 Great Indian Famine of 1876–1878 India 5,500,000
1876–1879 Northern Chinese Famine of 1876–1879 China 9,000,000–13,000,000181
1876–1878 Brazilian drought of 1877–1878, also known as the Grande Seca Brazil 500,000
1878–1880 St. Lawrence Island famine, Alaska182 United States 1,000
1879 1879 Famine in Ireland. Unlike previous famines, this famine mainly caused hunger and food shortages but little mortality. Ireland
1879 Famine in the Eastern areas of the Empire183 Ottoman Empire
1883–1884 Famine in Indramayu and Kandanghaur184 Indonesia
1883–1885 Famine caused by failure of rainy seasons and drought.185 East Africa,Tanzania and Kenya
1888–1889 Famine in Orrisa, Ganjam and Northern Bihar India 150,000
1888–1892 Famine in Sudan during the Mahdist war Sudan 1,500,000186
1888–1892 Ethiopian Great famine. About one-third of the population died.187188 Conditions worsen with cholera outbreaks (1889–92), a typhus epidemic, and a major smallpox epidemic (1889–90). Ethiopia 1,000,000
1891–1892 Russian famine of 1891–1892. Beginning along the Volga River and spreading to the Urals and the Black Sea. Russia 375,000–500,000189190
1895–1898 Famine during the Cuban War of Independence Cuba 200,000–300,000
1896–1902 Indian famine of 1896–1897 and Indian famine of 1899–1900 due to drought and British policies.191192193 India 2,000,000 (British territories), mortality unknown in princely states
1897–1901 Famine in East Africa, caused by drought and locust swarms. Resulted in increased grain prices, starvation and smallpox epidemic. Known as Yua ya Ngomanisye, meaning the famine that went everywhere194 East Africa, Kenya and Uganda
1900–1903 Famine in Cape Verde Cape Verde 11,000–20,000172
1901 Northern Chinese Famine in Spring 1901, caused by drought from 1898-1901. The famine was one of the causes of the anti-imperialist Boxer rebellion.195 China (Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces) and Inner Mongolia 200,000 in Shaanxi province.
1904–1906 Famine in Spain196197198 Spain
1906–1907 Chinese famine of 1906–1907 China 20,000,000–25,000,000199
1913–1914 Famine, grain price rose "thirtyfold"39 Ethiopia
1914–1918 Mount Lebanon famine during World War I which was caused by the Entente and Ottoman blockade of food and to a swarm of locusts which killed up to 200,000 people, estimated to be half of the Mount Lebanon population200 Lebanon 200,000
1914–1919 Famine caused by the Allied blockade of Germany during World War I until Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles.201 Germany 763,000
1917 Famine in German East Africa German East Africa 300,000
1917–1919 Persian famine of 1917–1919 Iran 2,000,000,202 but estimates range as high as 10,000,000203
1918–1919 Rumanura famine in Ruanda-Burundi, causing large migrations to the Congo Rwanda and Burundi (present day)
1918-1920 Famine caused by Turkey during its invasion, blockade,204 and sabotaging of humanitarian supplies.205206207 First Republic of Armenia 180,000 thousand Armenians,208 or roughly one-fifth of the population.205
1919–1922 Kazakh famine of 1919–1922. A series of famines in Turkestan at the time of the Bolshevik revolution killed about a sixth of the population Turkestan 209
1920–1921 Famine in northern China China 500,000
1920–1922 Famine in Cape Verde Cape Verde 24,000–25,000172
1921 Russian famine of 1921–1922 Russia 5,000,000210
1921–1922 1921–1922 famine in Tatarstan Russia 500,000–2,000,000211
1921–1923 1921–1923 famine in Soviet Russian Ukraine Ukraine 250,000–1,000,000212
1924–1925 Famine in Volga German colonies in Russia. One-third of the entire population perished213 Russia
1924–1925 Minor famine in Ireland due to heavy rain Irish Free State
1926 Famine in Darfur214 Darfur, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
1928–1929 Famine in Ruanda-Burundi, causing large migrations to the Congo Rwanda and Burundi (present day)
1928–1930 Chinese famine of 1928–1930 in northern China. The drought resulted in millions of deaths China 3,000,000–10,000,000
1930–1934 First Kere Madagascar 500,000
1932–1933 Soviet famine of 1932–1933, including famine in Ukraine, and famine in Kazakhstan, caused by Soviet collectivization policy, abnormal cold period,215 and bad harvests in the years of 1931–1932.216 Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR, and Kazakh ASSR 5,000,000216–7,000,000217
1939–1952 Famine in Spain caused primarily by the implementation of the autarkic economy Spain 200,000218219
1940–1943 Famine in Cape Verde Cape Verde 20,000172
1940–1945 Famine in Warsaw Ghetto, as well as other ghettos and concentration camps (note: this famine was the result of deliberate denial of food to ghetto residents on the part of Nazis).220 Occupied Poland
1940–1948 Famine in Morocco between 1940 and 1948, because of refueling system installed by France.221 Morocco 200,000
1941–1944 Leningrad famine caused by a 900-day blockade by German troops. About a million Leningrad residents starved, froze, or were bombed to death in the winter of 1941–42, when supply routes to the city were cut off and temperatures dropped to −40 °C (−40 °F).222 According to other estimates about 800,000 out of an immediate pre-siege population of about 2.5 million perished.223 Soviet Union 800,000–1,000,000
1941–1944 Famine in Greece caused by the Axis occupation.224225 Greece 300,000
1941–1942 Famine in Kharkiv. In a city with a population of about 450,000 while under German occupation, there was a famine starting in the winter of 1941–42 that lasted until the end of September 1942. The local administration recorded 19,284 deaths between the second half of December 1941 and the second half of September 1942, thereof 11,918 (59.6%) from hunger.226 The Foreign Office representative at Army High Command 6 noted on 25.03.1942 that according to reports reaching municipal authorities at least 50 people were dying of hunger every day, and that the true number might be much higher as in many cases the cause of death was stated as "unknown" and besides many deaths were not reported.227 British historian Alex Kay estimates that at least 30,000 city inhabitants died in the famine.228 According to Soviet sources about 70–80,000 people died of starvation in Kharkiv during the occupation by Nazi Germany.229 Soviet Union 30,000–80,000
1941–1943 Famine in Kyiv. On April 1, 1942, well after the first winter of famine, Kyiv officially had about 352,000 inhabitants. In the middle of 1943—more than four months before the end of German rule—the city officially had about 295,600. Death by starvation was not the only reason for the rapid decline in population: deportation to Germany and Nazi shootings also played their part. Nevertheless, starvation was an important factor.230 British historian Alex Kay estimates that about 10,000 city inhabitants died of starvation.228 Soviet Union 10,000
1942–1943 Chinese famine of 1942–1943 Henan, China 700,000 − 3,000,000
1942–1943 Iranian famine of 1942–1943 Iran 4,000,000231
1943 Bengal famine of 1943 Bengal, British India 2,100,000
1943–1944 Ruzagayura famine in Ruanda-Urundi, causing emigrations to Congo Rwanda and Burundi (present day) 36,000–50,000
1943–1945 Famine in Hadhramaut Yemen (present day) 10,000232233
1943–1946 Second Kere Madagascar 1,000,000
1944–1945 Java under Japanese occupation Java, Indonesia 2,400,000234
1944–1945 Dutch famine of 1944–1945 during World War II235 Netherlands 20,000
1944–1945 Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 Vietnam 600,000–2,000,000236
1945–1947 Famine in Königsberg (Kaliningrad) Soviet Union 57,000–76,500237
1946–1947 Hungerwinter Germany >100,000238
1946–1947 Soviet famine of 1946–1947, drought. Soviet Union 1,000,000–1,500,000239240
1946–1948 Famine in Cape Verde Cape Verde 30,000172
1949 Nyasaland famine of 1949 Malawi 200
1950 1950 Caribou Inuit famine Canada 60
1955–1958 Third Kere Madagascar
1958 Famine in Tigray39 Ethiopia 100,000
1959–1961 The Great Chinese Famine241242243 Some researchers also include the year 1958 or 1962.244 China (mainland) 15,000,000–55,000,000242245246
1966–1967 Lombok, drought and malnutrition, exacerbated by restrictions on regional rice trade Indonesia 50,000247
1966–1967 Rice crisis248 Burma
1967–1970 Famine caused by Nigerian Civil War and blockade Biafra 2,000,000
1968–1972 Sahel drought created a famine that killed a million people249 Mauritania, Mali, Chad, Niger and Burkina Faso 1,000,000
1970–1972 Fourth Kere Madagascar
1971–1973 Afghanistan drought Afghanistan
1972 Politically induced famine Burundi 300,000250
1972–1973 Famine in Ethiopia caused by drought and poor governance; failure of the government to handle this crisis led to the fall of Haile Selassie and to Derg rule Ethiopia 60,000251
1973 Darfur drought Darfur, Sudan 1,000
1974 Bangladesh famine of 1974252 Bangladesh 27,000–1,500,000
1975–1979 Famine under Khmer Rouge rule. A maximum estimate of 500,000 Cambodians lost their lives to famine Cambodia 500,000253
1980–1981 Caused by drought and conflict251 Uganda 30,000251
1980–1982 Fifth Kere Madagascar
1982–1983 Sixth Kere Madagascar 230,000+254
1982–1985 Famine caused by the Mozambican Civil War Mozambique 100,000
1983–1985 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia255 Ethiopia 400,000–600,000256
1984–1985 Famine caused by drought, economic crisis and the Second Sudanese Civil War Sudan 240,000
1986–1987 Seventh Kere Madagascar 7,600 in Antananarivo257
1988 Famine caused by the Second Sudanese Civil War Sudan 100,000
1988–1989 Eighth Kere Madagascar
1991–1992 Famine in Somalia caused by drought and civil war251 Somalia 300,000251
1992–1994 Ninth Kere Madagascar
1993 1993 Sudan famine Sudan 20,000258
1995–2000 North Korean famine.259260 Scholars estimate 600,000 died of starvation (other estimates range from 200,000 to 3.5 million).261 North Korea 200,000–3,500,000
1995–1996 Tenth Kere Madagascar
1997–1998 Eleventh Kere Madagascar
1998 1998 Sudan famine caused by war and drought Sudan 70,000251
1998 1998 Afghanistan famine Afghanistan
1998–2000 Famine in Ethiopia. The situation worsened by Eritrean–Ethiopian War Ethiopia
1998–2004 Second Congo War. 2.7 million people died, mostly from starvation and disease Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,700,000
2003–2005 Famine during the War in Darfur Sudan 200,000
2004–2005 Twelfth Kere Madagascar
2005–2006 2005–2006 Niger food crisis. At least three million were affected in Niger and 10 million throughout West Africa262263264 Niger and West Africa 47,755265
2009–2013 Thirteenth Kere Madagascar
2011–2012 Famine in Somalia, brought on by the 2011 East Africa drought266 Somalia 285,000
2012 Famine in West Africa, brought on by the 2012 Sahel drought267 Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso
2014–2017 Fourteenth Kere Madagascar
2016–present Famine in Yemen, arising from the Yemeni Civil War and the subsequent blockade of Yemen by Saudi Arabia Yemen 85,000 children as of 2017.268 Unknown number of adults.
2017 Famine in South Sudan.269 Famine in Somalia, due to 2017 Somali drought. South Sudan, Unity State and Somalia
2020–present Famine in the Tigray War270 Tigray, Ethiopia 150,000–200,000+271
2021–present Fifteenth Kere (2021–present Madagascar famine) Madagascar
2021–present Aftermath of the War in Afghanistan Afghanistan
2023 Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh Nagorno-Karabakh 1272
2023–2025 Gaza Strip famine Gaza Strip, Palestine 10,000+273
2024–present 2024 famine in Haiti Haiti
2024–present Famine in Sudan (2024–present) Sudan 522,000+274
2025–present 2025 hunger crisis in Syria Syria
See also

See also

Main article lists

References

References

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  234. Van der Eng, Pierre (2008). "Food Supply in Java during War and Decolonisation, 1940–1950. (MPRA Paper No. 8852) pp. 35–38.". Mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de.
  235. Zwarte, Ingrid de (2020-07-23). The Hunger Winter. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-83680-7.
  236. Gunn, Geoffrey. (2001) The Great Vietnamese Famine of 1944-45 Revisited, The Asia-Pacific Journal, Volume 9(5). Number 4. Article ID 3483. Jan 24. The demographics vary from French estimates of 600,000-700,000 dead, to official Vietnamese numbers of 1,000,000 to 2,000,000 victims.
  237. According to German historian Andreas Kossert, there were about 100,000 to 126,000 German civilians in the city at the time of Soviet conquest in early April 1945, and of these only 24,000 survived to be deported in 1947/48. Hunger accounted for 75 % of the deaths, epidemics (especially typhoid fever) for 2.6 % and violence for 15 % (Andreas Kossert, Ostpreußen. Geschichte und Mythos, 2007 Pantheon Verlag, PDF edition, p. 347). This would mean 76,000 - 102,000 deaths and 57,000 - 76,500 thereof (75 %) from hunger. Peter B. Clark (The Death of East Prussia. War and Revenge in Germany's Easternmost Province, Andover Press 2013, PDF edition, p. 326) refers to Professor Wilhelm Starlinger, the director of the city's two hospitals that cared for typhus patients, who estimated that out of a population of about 100,000 in April 1945, some 25,000 had survived by the time large-scale evacuations began in 1947. This estimate is also mentioned by Richard Bessel, "Unnatural Deaths", in: The Illustrated Oxford History of World War II, edited by Richard Overy, Oxford University Press 2015, pp. 321–343, (p. 336). The 1945-1947 humanitarian disaster is also described in Nicole Eaton, German Blood, Slavic Soil, 2023 Cornell University Press, pp. 144 to 177. According to Eaton (p. 159) "even Soviet archival records indicate approximately 20 percent mortality for the city of Königsberg’s German population between June 1945 and January 1946", and "in Soviet East Prussia, at least a quarter of the free German population, by even modest estimates, died from malnutrition or disease in the first year alone". By early 1946, "an average of eighty Germans in Königsberg were dying from starvation or cold each day" (p. 172).
  238. The number of excess deaths from hunger and cold has been estimated by historians at several hundred thousand, based on extrapolations from partial data (Der "weiße Tod" im Hungerwinter 1946/47, Norddeutscher Rundfunk, 07.05.2020).
  239. Ellman, M. (2000) The 1947 Soviet famine and the entitlement approach to famines, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 24(5), pp. 603-630
  240. Ganson, Nicholas (2009). The Soviet Famine of 1946–47 in Global and Historical Perspective. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-61333-1. Archived from the original on 2009-09-06. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
  241. Hasell, Joe; Roser, Max (2013-10-10). "Famines". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  242. Meng, Xin; Qian, Nancy; Yared, Pierre (2015). "The Institutional Causes of China's Great Famine, 1959–1961" (PDF). Review of Economic Studies. 82 (4): 1568–1611. doi:10.1093/restud/rdv016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
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  244. "Documenting China's lost history of famine". BBC News. 2012-05-08. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  245. Wemheuer, Felix (2011). Dikötter, Frank (ed.). "SITES OF HORROR: MAO'S GREAT FAMINE [with Response]". The China Journal (66): 155–164. doi:10.1086/tcj.66.41262812. ISSN 1324-9347. JSTOR 41262812. S2CID 141874259.
  246. Peng Xizhe (彭希哲), "Demographic Consequences of the Great Leap Forward in China's Provinces," Population and Development Review 13, no. 4 (1987), 639–70.
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  247. Van der Eng, Pierre (2012) "All Lies? Famines in Indonesia during the 1950s and 1960s?" Archived 2014-02-23 at the Wayback Machine, Asian Historical Economics Conference, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo (Japan), September 13–15, 2012.
  248. Smith, Martin (1991). Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 225. ISBN 9780862328689.
  249. Famine Casts Its Grim Global Shadow. May 13, 1974. TIME
  250. Christian Thibon. Famine Yesterday and Today in Burundi. Famine Demography: Perspectives from the Past and Present.
  251. Ó Gráda 2009, p. 24
  252. "Famine - Entitlement, Causes, Effects | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-08-27. Retrieved 2024-10-01.
  253. Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970–1979". Forced Migration and Mortality. National Academies Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 9780309073349. Food supply remained deficient for most of 1979 and the famine could not be completely avoided. The most dramatic estimates of its toll are around 500,000 deaths (Ea, 1987; Banister and Johnson, 1993; Sliwinski, 1995) but those are again contested as much too high (Kiernan, 1986).
  254. Ralaingita, M. I., Ennis, G., Russell-Smith, J., Sangha, K., Razanakoto, T. (26 March 2022). "The Kere of Madagascar: a qualitative exploration of community experiences and perspectives". Ecology and Society. 27 (1) art42. Bibcode:2022EcSoc..27Tr.42R. doi:10.5751/ES-12975-270142.
  255. "Lasting legacy of Ethiopia's famine". 2009-10-23. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  256. De Waal, Alexander (1991). Evil days : thirty years of war and famine in Ethiopia. New York: Human Rights Watch. ISBN 1-56432-038-3. OCLC 24504262.
  257. Garenne, Michel; Waltisperger, Dominique; Cantrelle, Pierre; Ralijaona, O. The Demographic Impact of a Mild Famine in an African City: The Case of Antananarivo, 1985-7. The demography of Famines: Perspectives from the past and the present. doi:10.58079/quui.
  258. "A 'Silent' Famine Spreads Death in Southern Sudan : Africa: Bitter civil war, homelessness and disease in the remote area bring misery rivaling that of Somalia. - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. 10 April 1993.
  259. "Online NewsHour Forum: The North Korea Famine -- August 26, 1997". PBS. Archived from the original on 1999-11-12.
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  262. "Niger: An evidence base for understanding the current crisis - Niger | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 2005-07-26. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  263. "Amnesty International Report 2006 - Niger". Refworld. 23 May 2006. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  264. "UN Seeks $240 Mln of Food Aid for West Africa". archive.globalpolicy.org. January 16, 2006. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  265. Oliver Rubin. "The Niger Famine: A Collapse of Entitlements and Democratic Responsiveness". Journal of Asian and African Studies.
  266. "United Nations News Centre – UN declares famine in another three areas of Somalia". Un.org. 2011-08-03. Retrieved 2014-08-13.
  267. "Sahel Famine Crisis". UNICEF. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
  268. Karasz, Palko (November 21, 2018). "85,000 Children in Yemen May Have Died of Starvation". The New York Times.
  269. "Famine declared in South Sudan". The Guardian. 2017-02-20.
  270. Reisen, Mirjam Van (2024-11-17). Tigray: The Hysteresis of War. African Books Collective. ISBN 978-9956-554-19-5.
  271. "Tigray war has seen up to half a million dead from violence and starvation, say researchers". The Globe and Mail. 2022-03-14. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
  272. "First death from starvation reported in blockade-struck Nagorno-Karabakh". OC Media. 2023-08-15. Retrieved 2026-01-06.
  273. de Waal, Alex (2025-08-28). "How Many People Have Died of Famine in Gaza? (Updated)". World Peace Foundation.
  274. "وفاة أكثر من 500 ألف طفل في السودان جراء سوء التغذية". سودان تربيون (in Arabic). 18 January 2025. Retrieved 27 April 2026. The Preparatory Committee of the Sudanese Doctors Syndicate revealed on Saturday that more than 500,000 infants have died due to malnutrition. Adiba Ibrahim Al-Sayed, a member of the Omdurman Private Branch of the Preparatory Committee of the Doctors Syndicate, told Sudan Tribune that the number of child deaths reached 522,000 infants, while cases of malnutrition rose to 286,000 cases since the outbreak of the war until today.
Bibliography

Bibliography

External links
  • Media related to famines at Wikimedia Commons