| Kapoxó | |
|---|---|
| Capoxo | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Ethnicity | Kapoxó |
| Era | attested 1818 |
Macro-Jê
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | capo1236 |
Kapoxó (Capoxo, Kaposho) is an extinct Maxakalian language of Brazil.1
Documentation
Kapoxó is documented in a word list collected in 1818,2 which was published in Martius, 1863: 170-172.3
Geographical distribution
Kapoxó was historically spoken on the Araçuaí River in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Kumanaxó and Panhame are closely related varieties.4
Classification
Aside from being a member of the Nuclear Maxakalí subgroup, characterized by certain shared innovations, it is very similar to such varieties as Makoní, Kapoxó, Panhame, and is also related to Ritual Maxakalí, which is more archaic than modern Maxakalí.56
Vocabulary
| Gloss | Kumanaxó |
|---|---|
| to hide | schatome |
| soul | njajmi |
| water | cona-an-cunaan |
| beard | njidaú |
| mixed | njonain |
| star | aschim |
| head | patanjon |
| teeth | schuoj |
| hand | agnibktän |
| lightning | ithóg tänjanam |
| fire | kescham |
| sun | apucoj |
| earth | aam |
| tree | abaay |
References
References
- Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.
- Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
- Martius, Karl Friedrich Philip von. 1863. Glossaria linguarum Brasiliensium: glossarios de diversas lingoas e dialectos, que fallao os Indios no imperio do Brazil. Erlangen: Druck von Jange.
- Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- Campbell, Lyle (2024-06-25), "Indigenous Languages of South America", The Indigenous Languages of the Americas (1 ed.), Oxford University PressNew York, pp. 182–279, doi:10.1093/oso/9780197673461.003.0004, ISBN 978-0-19-767346-1, retrieved 2025-04-14
- Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Thesis). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
- Martius, Karl Friedrich Philip von. Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerikas zumal Brasiliens (PDF). Vol. 2. pp. 170–172. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
Further reading
Further reading
- Métraux, Alfred and Curt Nimuendajú. 1946. The Mashacalí, Patashó, and Malalí Linguistic Families. In Julian H. Steward (ed.), The Marginal Tribes, 541-545. Smithsonian Institution, Washington: Bureau of American Ethnology.