Jastrow may refer to:
As a surname, it may refer to:
- Elisabeth Jastrow (1890–1981), German-born classical archaeologist
- Ignaz Jastrow (1856–1937), German economist and historian
- Joseph Jastrow (1863–1944), Polish–American psychologist
- Julie Jastrow, American terrestrial ecologist
- Marcus Jastrow (1829–1903), Prussian-born American Orthodox Jewish rabbi and Talmudist
- Morris Jastrow, Jr. (1861–1921), Polish–American Orientalist, son of Marcus
- Robert Jastrow (1925–2008), American astronomer and planetary physicist
- Otto Jastrow (born 1942), German Arabist and Syriacist
As a book, it may refer to:
- The famous work of Marcus Jastrow: Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Bavli, Talmud Yerushlami, and Midrashic Literature