| Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manner ↓ | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | (Alveolo-)palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal/epiglottal | Glottal | ||||||||||||||
| Nasal | m̥ | m | ɱ̊ | ɱ | n̼ | n̪̊ | n̪ | n̥ | n | n̠̊ | n̠ | ɳ̊ | ɳ | ɲ̊ | ɲ | ŋ̊ | ŋ | ɴ̥ | ɴ | |||||||
| Plosive | p | b | p̪ | b̪ | t̼ | d̼ | t̪ | d̪ | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʡ | ʔ | ||||||
| Sibilant affricate | t̪s̪ | d̪z̪ | ts | dz | t̠ʃ | d̠ʒ | tʂ | dʐ | tɕ | dʑ | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant affricate | pɸ | bβ | p̪f | b̪v | t̪θ | d̪ð | tɹ̝̊ | dɹ̝ | t̠ɹ̠̊˔ | d̠ɹ̠˔ | cç | ɟʝ | kx | ɡɣ | qχ | ɢʁ | ʡʜ | ʡʢ | ʔh | |||||||
| Sibilant fricative | s̪ | z̪ | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ɕ | ʑ | ||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant fricative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ̼ | ð̼ | θ | ð | θ̠ | ð̠ | ɹ̠̊˔ | ɹ̠˔ | ɻ̊˔ | ɻ˔ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ | ||
| Approximant | β̞ | ʋ | ð̞ | ɹ | ɹ̠ | ɻ | j | ɰ | ˷ | |||||||||||||||||
| Tap/flap | ⱱ̟ | ⱱ | ɾ̥ | ɾ | ɽ̊ | ɽ | ɢ̆ | ʡ̮ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trill | ʙ̥ | ʙ | r̥ | r | r̠ | ɽ̊r̥ | ɽr | ʀ̥ | ʀ | ʜ | ʢ | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral affricate | tɬ | dɮ | tꞎ | d𝼅 | c𝼆 | ɟʎ̝ | k𝼄 | ɡʟ̝ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral fricative | ɬ̪ | ɬ | ɮ | ꞎ | 𝼅 | 𝼆 | ʎ̝ | 𝼄 | ʟ̝ | |||||||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l̪ | l̥ | l | l̠ | ɭ̊ | ɭ | ʎ̥ | ʎ | ʟ̥ | ʟ | ʟ̠ | |||||||||||||||
| Lateral tap/flap | ɺ̥ | ɺ | 𝼈̊ | 𝼈 | ʎ̮ | ʟ̆ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| BL | LD | D | A | PA | RF | P | V | U | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Implosive | Voiced | ɓ | ɗ | ᶑ | ʄ | ɠ | ʛ | |||
| Voiceless | ɓ̥ | ɗ̥ | ᶑ̊ | ʄ̊ | ɠ̊ | ʛ̥ | ||||
| Ejective | Stop | pʼ | tʼ | ʈʼ | cʼ | kʼ | qʼ | |||
| Affricate | p̪fʼ | t̪θʼ | tsʼ | t̠ʃʼ | tʂʼ | tɕʼ | kxʼ | qχʼ | ||
| Fricative | ɸʼ | fʼ | θʼ | sʼ | ʃʼ | ʂʼ | ɕʼ | xʼ | χʼ | |
| Lateral affricate | tɬʼ | c𝼆ʼ | k𝼄ʼ | q𝼄ʼ | ||||||
| Lateral fricative | ɬʼ | |||||||||
| Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular) |
Tenuis | kʘ qʘ |
kǀ qǀ |
kǃ qǃ |
k𝼊 q𝼊 |
kǂ qǂ |
||||
| Voiced | ɡʘ ɢʘ |
ɡǀ ɢǀ |
ɡǃ ɢǃ |
ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊 |
ɡǂ ɢǂ |
|||||
| Nasal | ŋʘ ɴʘ |
ŋǀ ɴǀ |
ŋǃ ɴǃ |
ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊 |
ŋǂ ɴǂ |
ʞ |
||||
| Tenuis lateral | kǁ qǁ |
|||||||||
| Voiced lateral | ɡǁ ɢǁ |
|||||||||
| Nasal lateral | ŋǁ ɴǁ |
|||||||||
A
- Acoustic phonetics
- Active articulator
- Affricate
- Airstream mechanism
- Alexander John Ellis
- Alexander Melville Bell
- Alfred C. Gimson
- Allophone
- Alveolar approximant (ɹ)
- Alveolar click (ǃ)
- Alveolar consonant
- Alveolar ejective (tʼ)
- Alveolar ejective affricate (tsʼ)
- Alveolar ejective fricative (sʼ)
- Alveolar flap (ɾ)
- Alveolar lateral approximant (l, l̥)
- Alveolar lateral ejective affricate (tɬʼ)
- Alveolar lateral ejective fricative (ɬʼ)
- Alveolar lateral flap (ɺ)
- Alveolar nasal (n)
- Alveolar ridge
- Alveolar trill (r, r̥)
- Alveolo-palatal consonant
- Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative (ɕʼ)
- Apical consonant
- Approximant consonant
- Articulatory phonetics
- Aspirated consonant (◌ʰ)
- Auditory phonetics
B
- Back vowel
- Basis of articulation
- Bernd J. Kröger
- Bilabial click (ʘ)
- Bilabial consonant
- Bilabial ejective (pʼ)
- Bilabial flap (ⱱ̟)
- Bilabial nasal (m)
- Bilabial trill (ʙ)
- Breathy voice
- Bidental consonant
C
- Cardinal vowel
- Central vowel
- Checked vowel
- Click consonant
- Close back rounded vowel (u)
- Close back unrounded vowel (ɯ)
- Close central rounded vowel (ʉ)
- Close central unrounded vowel (ɨ)
- Close front rounded vowel (y)
- Close front unrounded vowel (i)
- Close vowel
- Close-mid back rounded vowel (o)
- Close-mid back unrounded vowel (ɤ)
- Close-mid central rounded vowel (ɵ)
- Close-mid central unrounded vowel (ɘ)
- Close-mid front rounded vowel (ø)
- Close-mid front unrounded vowel (e)
- Close-mid vowel
- Co-articulated consonant
- Coarticulation
- Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet
- Consonant
- Consonant cluster
- Continuant
- Creaky voice
D
- Daniel Jones
- David Abercrombie
- Dental click (ǀ)
- Dental consonant
- Dental ejective (t̪ʼ)
- Dental ejective fricative (θʼ)
- Dental nasal (n̪)
- Diphthong
- Dorsal consonant
E
- Eclipsis
- Ejective consonant
- Eli Fischer-Jørgensen
- Elision
- Epenthesis
- Epiglottal consonant
- Epiglottal flap (ʡ̯)
- Epiglottal plosive (ʡ)
- Epiglottal trill (ʢ)
F
G
- Gemination
- Georg Heike
- Glide
- Glottis
- Glottal consonant
- Glottalic consonant (ingressive, egressive)
- Glottal stop (ʔ)
H
I
- Ian Maddieson
- Ilse Lehiste
- Implosive consonant
- Ingressive speech
- International Phonetic Alphabet
- International Phonetic Association
- Intonation
J
K
L
- Labialization
- Labial-palatal approximant (ɥ)
- Labial-palatal consonant
- Labial-uvular consonant
- Labial-uvular plosive (q͡p)
- Labial-velar approximant (w)
- Labial-velar consonant
- Labial-velar nasal (ŋ͡m)
- Labiodental approximant (ʋ)
- Labiodental consonant
- Labiodental ejective fricative (fʼ)
- Labiodental flap (ⱱ)
- Labiodental nasal (ɱ)
- Lateral click (ǁ)
- Laminal consonant
- Lateral consonant
- Length (phonetics)
- Lenis
- Lexical stress
- Lilias Armstrong
- Linguolabial consonant
- Lips
- Liquid consonant
- List of consonants
- List of vowels
- Luciano Canepari
- Ludmilla A. Chistovich
M
- Manner of articulation
- Mark Liberman
- Median consonant
- Metathesis
- Mid central vowel (ə)
- Mid vowel
- Monophthong
N
- Nasal consonant
- Nasal stop
- Nasal vowel
- Nasalization
- Near-close back rounded vowel (ʊ)
- Near-close front rounded vowel (ʏ)
- Near-close front unrounded vowel (ɪ)
- Near-close vowel
- Near-open central vowel (ɐ)
- Near-open front unrounded vowel (æ)
- Near-open vowel
O
- Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet
- Occlusion
- Open back rounded vowel (ɒ)
- Open back unrounded vowel (ɑ)
- Open front rounded vowel (ɶ)
- Open front unrounded vowel (a)
- Open vowel
- Open-mid back rounded vowel (ɔ)
- Open-mid back unrounded vowel (ʌ)
- Open-mid central rounded vowel (ɞ)
- Open-mid central unrounded vowel (ɜ)
- Open-mid front rounded vowel (œ)
- Open-mid front unrounded vowel (ɛ)
- Open-mid vowel
- Oral consonant
P
- Palatal approximant (j, j̊)
- Palatal click (ǂ)
- Palatal consonant
- Palatal ejective (cʼ)
- Palatal lateral approximant (ʎ)
- Palatal lateral ejective affricate (cʎ̝̥ʼ)
- Palatal lateral flap (ʎ̯)
- Palatal nasal (ɲ, ɲ̟)
- Palatalization
- Palato-alveolar ejective affricate (tʃʼ)
- Palato-alveolar ejective fricative (ʃʼ)
- Palatography
- Pāṇini
- Passive articulator
- Peter Ladefoged
- Peter Roach (phonetician)
- Pharyngeal consonant
- Pharyngealization
- Philip Lieberman
- Phonation
- Phone
- Phoneme
- Phonetic palindrome
- Phonetics
- Phonetic transcription
- Pitch accent
- Place of articulation
- Plosive consonant
- Postalveolar consonant
- Postalveolar nasal (n̠)
- Preaspiration
- Prenasalized consonant
- Prosody
- Pulmonic egressive
R
- R-colored vowel
- Retroflex approximant (ɻ)
- Retroflex click (‼)
- Retroflex consonant
- Retroflex ejective (ʈʼ)
- Retroflex ejective affricate (ʈʂʼ)
- Retroflex ejective fricative (ʂʼ)
- Retroflex flap (ɽ)
- Retroflex nasal (ɳ)
- Retroflex lateral approximant (ɭ)
- Retroflex lateral flap (ɺ̢)
- Retroflex trill (ɽr)
- Rhotic consonant
- Rounded vowel
S
- Sandhi
- SAMPA
- Semivowel
- Sibilant consonant
- Sj-sound (ɧ)
- Slack voice
- Jennifer Smith (sociolinguist)
- Sociophonetics
- Sonorant
- Source–filter model of speech production
- Spectrogram
- Speech organ
- Speech perception
- Stress accent
- Stress (linguistics)
- Stricture
- Syllable
- Syncope
T
- Table of vowels
- Tap or flap consonant
- Teeth
- Tenseness
- Tonal language
- Tone sandhi
- Tongue
- Trill consonant
- Triphthong
U
- Unrounded vowel
- Uvula
- Uvular consonant
- Uvular ejective (qʼ)
- Uvular ejective affricate (qχʼ)
- Uvular ejective fricative (χʼ)
- Uvular flap (ɢ̆)
- Uvular nasal (ɴ)
- Uvular trill (ʀ)
V
- Velar approximant (ɰ)
- Velar consonant
- Velar ejective (kʼ)
- Velar ejective affricate (kxʼ)
- Velar ejective fricative (xʼ)
- Velar lateral approximant (ʟ)
- Velar lateral ejective affricate (kʟ̝̊ʼ)
- Velar lateral flap (ʟ̆)
- Velar nasal (ŋ)
- Velaric egressive
- Velarization
- Velum
- Vocal cords
- Vocal stress
- Vocal tract
- Voice onset time
- Voiced alveolar affricate (dz)
- Voiced alveolar fricative (z, ð̠)
- Voiced alveolar implosive (ɗ)
- Voiced alveolar lateral affricate (dɮ)
- Voiced alveolar lateral fricative (ɮ)
- Voiced alveolar plosive (d)
- Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (dʑ)
- Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative (ʑ)
- Voiced bilabial fricative (β)
- Voiced bilabial implosive (ɓ)
- Voiced bilabial plosive (b)
- Voiced consonant
- Voiced dental affricate (d̪z̪, dð)
- Voiced dental fricative (z̪), (ð)
- Voiced dental plosive (d̪)
- Voiced epiglottal fricative (ʢ)
- Voiced glottal fricative (ɦ)
- Voiced implosive consonant
- Voiced labial-velar plosive (ɡ͡b)
- Voiced labiodental affricate (b̪v)
- Voiced labiodental fricative (v)
- Voiced labiodental plosive (b̪)
- Voiced palatal affricate (ɟʝ)
- Voiced palatal fricative (ʝ)
- Voiced palatal implosive (ʄ)
- Voiced palatal plosive (ɟ)
- Voiced palato-alveolar affricate (dʒ)
- Voiced pharyngeal fricative (ʕ)
- Voiced postalveolar fricative (ʒ)
- Voiced retroflex affricate (ɖʐ)
- Voiced retroflex fricative (ʐ)
- Voiced retroflex implosive (ᶑ)
- Voiced retroflex plosive (ɖ)
- Voiced uvular affricate (ɢʁ)
- Voiced uvular fricative (ʁ)
- Voiced uvular implosive (ʛ)
- Voiced uvular plosive (ɢ)
- Voiced velar affricate (ɡɣ)
- Voiced velar fricative (ɣ)
- Voiced velar implosive (ɠ)
- Voiced velar lateral affricate (ɡʟ̝)
- Voiced velar lateral fricative (ʟ̝)
- Voiced velar plosive (ɡ)
- Voiceless alveolar affricate (ts)
- Voiceless alveolar fricative (s, θ̠)
- Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate (tɬ)
- Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (ɬ)
- Voiceless alveolar nasal (n̥)
- Voiceless alveolar plosive (t)
- Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate (tɕ)
- Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative (ɕ)
- Voiceless bilabial fricative (ɸ)
- Voiceless bilabial nasal (m̥)
- Voiceless bilabial plosive (p)
- Voiceless consonant
- Voiceless dental affricate (t̪s̪, tθ)
- Voiceless dental fricative (s̪, θ)
- Voiceless dental plosive (t̪)
- Voiceless epiglottal fricative (ʜ)
- Voiceless glottal fricative (h)
- Voiceless labial-velar fricative (ʍ)
- Voiceless labial-velar plosive (k͡p)
- Voiceless labiodental affricate (p̪f)
- Voiceless labiodental fricative (f)
- Voiceless labiodental plosive (p̪)
- Voiceless palatal affricate (cç)
- Voiceless palatal fricative (ç)
- Voiceless palatal lateral affricate (cʎ̥˔)
- Voiceless palatal lateral fricative (ʎ̝̊)
- Voiceless palatal nasal (ɲ̊)
- Voiceless palatal plosive (c)
- Voiceless pharyngeal fricative (ħ)
- Voiceless postalveolar affricate (tʃ)
- Voiceless postalveolar fricative (ʃ)
- Voiceless retroflex affricate (ʈʂ)
- Voiceless retroflex fricative (ʂ)
- Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative (ꞎ)
- Voiceless retroflex nasal (ɳ̊)
- Voiceless retroflex plosive (ʈ)
- Voiceless retroflex trill (ɽr̥)
- Voiceless uvular affricate (qχ)
- Voiceless uvular fricative (χ)
- Voiceless uvular nasal (ɴ̥)
- Voiceless uvular plosive (q)
- Voiceless uvular trill (ʀ̥)
- Voiceless velar affricate (kx)
- Voiceless velar fricative (x)
- Voiceless velar lateral affricate (kʟ̝̊)
- Voiceless velar lateral fricative (ʟ̝̊)
- Voiceless velar nasal (ŋ̊)
- Voiceless velar plosive (k)
- Voicing
- Vowel
- Vowel backness
- Vowel harmony
- Vowel height
- Vowel hiatus
- Vowel length
- Vowel reduction
- Vowel roundedness