| Hypomesus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Delta smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Osmeriformes |
| Family: | Osmeridae |
| Genus: | Hypomesus T. N. Gill, 1862 |
Hypomesus is a genus of smelts (Osmeridae), consisting of five species found in the northern hemisphere.
Genomics
A chromosome-level genome assembly of Hypomesus nipponensis was published in 2026, representing a high-quality reference genome for the genus. The genome is approximately 708 Mb in size, assembled into 28 chromosomes, with a BUSCO completeness of 97.3%, and 24,102 protein-coding genes were predicted.2
Species
There are currently five recognized species in this genus:3
- Hypomesus japonicus (Brevoort, 1856)
- Hypomesus nipponensis McAllister, 1963 (Japanese smelt)
- Hypomesus olidus (Pallas, 1814) (Pond smelt)
- Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard, 1854) (Surf smelt)
- Hypomesus transpacificus McAllister, 1963 (Delta smelt)
The pond smelt H. olidus is widespread across northeastern Asia, Alaska, and northwestern Canada, while the Delta smelt H. transpacificus is an endangered species of the Sacramento Delta in California. H. chishimaensis was at one time thought to be a separate species, but has since been identified as a population of H. nipponensis.
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| Phylogeny of the genus Hypomesus including H. chishimaensis under H. nipponensis.45 |
References
References
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 560.
- Zhang, Yue; Li, Qiang; Chen, Rui; Zhao, Feng; Wang, Shunping (2026). "Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Japanese smelt (Hypomesus nipponensis)". Scientific Data. doi:10.1038/s41597-026-07069-7. PMID 41888540.
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Hypomesus". FishBase. February 2012 version.
- Ilves, K. L. & E. B. Taylor (2007). "Are Hypomesus chishimaensis and H. nipponensis (Osmeridae) distinct species?". Copeia. 2007: 180–185. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2007)7[180:AHCAHN]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86738107.
- Ilves, K. L. & E. B. Taylor (2008). "Evolutionary and biogeographical patterns within the smelt genus Hypomesus in the North Pacific Ocean". Journal of Biogeography. 35 (1): 48–64. Bibcode:2008JBiog..35...48I. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01782.x. S2CID 4488913.