| Hymenopterida | |
|---|---|
| |
| Blue-eyed ensign wasp (Evania appendigaster) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | Pancrustacea |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Clade: | Eumetabola |
| Clade: | Holometabola |
| Superorder: | Hymenopterida |
| Subgroups | |
| |
Hymenopterida is a superorder of holometabolous (metamorphosing) insects. As originally circumscribed, it included Hymenoptera and the orders in Panorpida (Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera).1 However, more recent studies find Hymenoptera as sister to the other members of Holometabola and the superorder is restricted to Hymenoptera.2
Evolution
The following phylogenetic tree shows the internal relationships of the superorder as a clade of Hymenoptera but more recent molecular analyses find a different arrangement within Holometabola, with Hymenoptera as the earliest branching group.3
| Holometabola |
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References
References
- Weaver J.S.I. The Evolution And Classification Of Trichoptera, With A Revision Of The Lepidostomatidae And A North American Synopsis Of This Family. Degree: Ph.D. Degree Year: 1983 Institute: Clemson University
- Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
- Kjer, Karl M.; Simon, Chris; Yavorskaya, Margarita & Beutel, Rolf G. (2016). "Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 13 (121): 121. doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0363. PMC 5014063. PMID 27558853.